The southern branch of which of the following jet streams (high winds) plays an important role in the winter season in north and northwestern India? 

The correct answer is Subtropical Westerly Jet Stream.

Key Points

• The Subtropical Westerly Jet Stream is a high-altitude wind system located in the subtropical latitudes.
• This jet stream plays a crucial role in influencing the winter climate of north and northwestern India.
• During winter, the Subtropical Westerly Jet Stream shifts southwards, bringing Western Disturbances into the Indian subcontinent.
• These Western Disturbances are responsible for rainfall and snowfall in the northern regions, significantly impacting agriculture and water resources.
• The jet stream's interaction with the Himalayas further enhances its impact on the regional climate.

Additional Information

• Jet Streams
  • Jet streams are fast-flowing, narrow air currents found in the atmospheres of some planets, including Earth.
  • They are typically located near the altitude of the tropopause and are westerly winds (flowing west to east).
  • Jet streams influence weather patterns and can affect air travel.
• Western Disturbances
  • Western Disturbances are extratropical storms originating in the Mediterranean region that bring sudden winter rain to the northwestern parts of the Indian subcontinent.
  • These disturbances are carried into India by the Subtropical Westerly Jet Stream.
• Polar-Night Jet Stream
  • This jet stream is located in the polar regions and is primarily associated with the polar night.
  • It does not significantly influence the climate of India.
• Tropical Easterly Jet Stream
  • This jet stream flows eastward and is typically present during the summer monsoon season.
  • It affects the monsoon dynamics in the Indian subcontinent but not the winter climate.