Granite, Gabbro and Basalt are which type of rocks?

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  1. Igneous
  2. Sedimentary
  3. Metamorphic
  4. Complex

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : Igneous
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The correct answer is Igneous.

Key Points

  • Igneous rocks are formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.
  • Granite is a coarse-grained igneous rock composed mainly of quartz, feldspar, and mica.
  • Gabbro is a dense, coarse-grained igneous rock containing mainly plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene.
  • Basalt is a fine-grained igneous rock that forms from the rapid cooling of lava at the Earth's surface.
  • These rocks are fundamental components of the Earth's crust and are often used in construction due to their durability.

Additional Information

  • Igneous Rock Classification
    • Igneous rocks are classified into two main categories: intrusive (plutonic) and extrusive (volcanic).
    • Intrusive igneous rocks, like granite and gabbro, form below the Earth's surface.
    • Extrusive igneous rocks, like basalt, form at the Earth's surface.
    • The texture of igneous rocks depends on the rate of cooling; slow cooling results in larger crystals, while rapid cooling results in smaller crystals.
  • Formation Process
    • Magma that cools slowly beneath the Earth's surface forms coarse-grained rocks like granite and gabbro.
    • Lava that cools rapidly on the Earth's surface forms fine-grained rocks like basalt.
    • Igneous rocks can also contain minerals such as olivine, amphibole, and biotite.
  • Geological Importance
    • Igneous rocks form the majority of the Earth's crust.
    • They play a crucial role in the rock cycle, transforming into sedimentary and metamorphic rocks over geological time.
    • Igneous rocks are key to understanding the Earth's internal processes and history.
  • Uses of Igneous Rocks
    • Granite is widely used in construction, particularly for countertops, flooring, and monuments.
    • Basalt is used in road construction, as an aggregate in concrete, and as a building stone.
    • Gabbro is used as a dimension stone and as a source of crushed stone for construction projects.
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