Dr. BR Ambedkar described which part of the Indian Constitution as its ‘novel features', while Granville Austin referred to it as the ‘Conscience of the Constitution’?

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This question was previously asked in

RRB JE ECE 22 Apr 2025 Shift 1 CBT 2 Official Paper

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Answer 1

The correct answer is Directive Principles of State Policy.

Key Points

Dr. BR Ambedkar described the Directive Principles of State Policy as the 'novel features' of the Indian Constitution.
Granville Austin referred to the Directive Principles of State Policy as the 'Conscience of the Constitution'.
The Directive Principles of State Policy are enshrined in Part IV of the Indian Constitution.
These principles aim to create social and economic conditions under which the citizens can lead a good life.
They are fundamental in the governance of the country and the State is expected to apply these principles in making laws.
Although non-justiciable, these principles act as guidelines for the government to frame policies and laws.
Some examples include the provision of adequate means of livelihood, equitable distribution of wealth, and the promotion of education and public health.

Additional Information

Fundamental Rights
- The Fundamental Rights are enshrined in Part III of the Indian Constitution.
- These rights are justiciable, meaning they are enforceable by the courts.
- Examples include the right to equality, right to freedom, right against exploitation, right to freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights, and the right to constitutional remedies.
Preamble
- The Preamble serves as the introduction to the Indian Constitution.
- It outlines the objectives of the Constitution such as justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity.
- The Preamble reflects the vision and aspirations of the founding fathers of the Constitution.
Fundamental Duties
- The Fundamental Duties are enshrined in Part IV-A of the Indian Constitution.
- These duties were added by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976, based on the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee.
- Examples include respecting the national symbols, cherishing the heritage, and striving towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity.