Based on Köppen’s Climate Classification, consider the following statements regarding the climate types in India:

1. Tropical Monsoon (Am) is found along the Western Ghats, parts of Assam, and Odisha, characterized by heavy monsoonal rainfall with distinct wet and dry seasons.

2. Hot Desert (BWh) is confined to Rajasthan and parts of Gujarat, where temperatures remain high throughout the year, and annual rainfall is generally below 30 cm.

3. Humid Subtropical (Cwa) climate is experienced in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and northern West Bengal, where summers are dry, and winters receive rainfall from the northeast monsoon.

4.Tropical Savanna (Aw) climate dominates the interior Deccan Plateau, including Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, and Telangana, with a prolonged dry season and short bursts of heavy rainfall.

Which of the above statements are correct?

The correct answer is option 1

Key Points

• Tropical Monsoon (Am) – Found in the Western Ghats, Assam, and Odisha. Characterized by heavy rainfall (100-250 cm annually) with distinct wet and dry seasons.
• Hot Desert (BWh) – Found in Rajasthan and Kutch (Gujarat). Extremely arid with high temperatures and annual rainfall <30 cm.
• Humid Subtropical (Cwa) – Found in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Northern West Bengal. Winters receive rainfall from Western Disturbances, not from the northeast monsoon.
• Tropical Savanna (Aw) – Found in the interior Deccan Plateau (Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Telangana). Prolonged dry season with short, heavy monsoonal rainfall.

Important Points

•  Tropical Monsoon (Am) – Found in coastal regions and Northeast India, influenced by southwest monsoon winds.
•  Hot Desert (BWh) – Thar Desert and Kutch have low precipitation and extreme temperature variations.
•  Humid Subtropical (Cwa) – Winters are influenced by Western Disturbances, unlike Tamil Nadu, which receives northeast monsoon rains.
•  Tropical Savanna (Aw) – Common in central and peninsular India, with distinct wet and dry periods due to monsoonal influence.

Additional Information

• Western Disturbances affect North India in winter, causing rainfall and cold waves.
• The northeast monsoon affects Tamil Nadu and coastal Andhra Pradesh, not Uttar Pradesh or Bihar.
• Köppen’s classification helps in agriculture, climate studies, and urban planning by identifying regional climatic variations.
• Climate Change is altering India’s climate zones, with shifting monsoon patterns and rising desertification in semi-arid areas.