Economic & Social Issues MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Economic & Social Issues - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is Option 2 (A, B, and C).

Key Points

• The revenue department primarily focuses on land records, taxation, and revenue collection.
• Public Distribution System (PDS) is managed by the Department of Food and Public Distribution under the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food, and Public Distribution, not the revenue department.
• e-services, while related to various government initiatives, are broader and not a specific function of the revenue department.
• Maintenance of law and order is a responsibility of the police and law enforcement agencies under the Ministry of Home Affairs, not the revenue department.
• The revenue department focuses on land revenue, registration of property, and other revenue-related administrative tasks.

Additional Information

• Revenue Department Functions
  • It is responsible for maintaining land records, conducting land surveys, and managing land revenue.
  • The department also oversees property registration and implements revenue collection systems.
  • It is involved in disaster management and the distribution of relief funds in cases of natural calamities.
• Public Distribution System (PDS)
  • PDS ensures the distribution of essential commodities like rice, wheat, and kerosene to vulnerable sections of society at subsidized rates.
  • It is implemented through a network of Fair Price Shops (FPS) across the country.
  • The system is managed by the Department of Food and Public Distribution under the Ministry of Consumer Affairs.
• e-services in Governance
  • e-services refer to the digital delivery of government services, including tax payments, land records access, and other administrative functions.
  • They aim to increase transparency, efficiency, and accessibility.
  • These services often fall under the purview of e-Governance initiatives rather than specific departments.
• Law and Order
  • The maintenance of law and order is primarily the responsibility of the police forces under state governments.
  • At the central level, it is coordinated by the Ministry of Home Affairs.
  • It includes crime prevention, investigation, and maintaining public peace.

The correct answer is option 1

1) Alleviating rural poverty through development of sustainable community institutions of the poor

Key PointsThe Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana - National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM) was launched by the Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India, to reduce rural poverty. Its objectives include:

1. Main Objective (Correct Statement):

   • To alleviate rural poverty by promoting the development of sustainable and self-managed community institutions of the poor, such as Self-Help Groups (SHGs). These institutions work towards increasing the income and improving the quality of life of rural poor households.

2. To eradicate poverty among SC and ST classes:

   • This is not the sole objective. While the program focuses on inclusive development, it covers all rural poor, not just SC and ST communities. Special emphasis is given to socially excluded groups, but the program is not exclusively for SCs and STs.

3. Providing employment to rural women:

   • While DAY-NRLM promotes livelihoods for rural poor women through SHGs, skill development, and entrepreneurship, employment provision is not its specific objective.

4. Providing food grains to rural women at subsidized rates:

   • This is incorrect. The scheme does not involve the distribution of food grains. Subsidized food grains fall under schemes like the National Food Security Act (NFSA) and Public Distribution System (PDS).

The correct answer is 1, 2 and 3.

Key Points

• Biological forces encompass genetic factors, physical growth, and health-related issues that impact human development.
• Psychological forces include cognitive, emotional, and personality factors that shape an individual's development.
• Life cycle forces refer to the different stages of development and how experiences and changes at each stage influence overall growth.
• The interplay of these forces creates a comprehensive framework for understanding human development.
• Each of these forces interacts with the others, influencing and being influenced by environmental and social factors.

Additional Information

• Biological Forces:
  • Include genetic inheritance, brain development, and physical health.
  • Factors such as nutrition, diseases, and physical injuries also play a crucial role.
• Psychological Forces:
  • Encompass cognitive processes like thinking, memory, and problem-solving.
  • Emotional factors include feelings, moods, and emotional regulation.
• Life Cycle Forces:
  • These are the experiences and changes that occur at different stages of life, from infancy to old age.
  • They include key milestones such as childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and aging.
• Interaction of Forces:
  • These forces do not act in isolation but interact dynamically.
  • Environmental influences such as culture, family, and education can modify the impact of these forces.

The correct answer is Improved logistics infrastructure and streamlined tax systems.

In News

• The "Global Economic Prospects – January 2025" report mentions that India's manufacturing activity is strengthening due to improvements in logistics infrastructure and streamlined tax systems.

Key Points

• Manufacturing activity in India is set to strengthen with government-led reforms focused on infrastructure and tax systems.
• Improvements in logistics infrastructure will help reduce supply chain bottlenecks and inefficiencies.
• Streamlined tax systems are expected to encourage investment and ease the process for businesses in the manufacturing sector.
• These initiatives will support the overall growth and competitiveness of India's manufacturing industry.

Additional Information

• Logistics Infrastructure
  • Includes systems like roads, ports, and warehouses that help goods move more efficiently across the country.
• Tax Reforms
  • Streamlining tax policies makes it easier for businesses to operate and reduces compliance costs, leading to a more favorable environment for investment.
• Manufacturing Growth
  • Improved manufacturing can result in job creation, enhanced productivity, and increased export capabilities.
• Government Initiatives
  • Programs such as 'Make in India' have been designed to encourage domestic manufacturing and reduce reliance on imports.

The correct answer is EMDEs now contribute approximately 45% of global GDP

In News

• The "Global Economic Prospects – January 2025" report highlights that Emerging Market and Developing Economies (EMDEs) now contribute about 45% of global GDP, compared to 25% at the start of the century.

Key Points

• EMDEs now play a significant role in the global economy, contributing 45% to the global GDP.
• This represents a major shift from their 25% contribution at the beginning of the century.
• India, China, and Brazil have been the main drivers behind the growth of EMDEs.
• EMDEs are expected to continue shaping global economic growth in the coming years.

Additional Information

• Global GDP Contribution
  • Global GDP refers to the total value of all goods and services produced worldwide over a given period.
• EMDEs Growth Drivers
  • Key factors include rising industrialization, urbanization, and technological adoption within EMDEs.
• China and India
  • China and India have been the fastest-growing economies, contributing heavily to EMDEs' global GDP share.
• Economic Transformation
  • EMDEs have experienced rapid economic growth due to higher investment, innovation, and policy reforms.

The long-term objective of the National Population Policy (2000) of India was to achieve population stabilization by the year: 2045
Important PointsThe National Population Policy of India, established in 2000, set a goal of stabilizing the country's population by the year 2045, at a level consistent with the requirements of sustainable economic growth, social development, and environmental protection.

The National Population Policy (NPP) 2000 was a comprehensive policy introduced by the Government of India with the long-term objective of achieving a stable population by 2045.

• The policy had several immediate objectives such as addressing the unmet needs for contraception, healthcare infrastructure, and health personnel, and to provide integrated service delivery for basic reproductive and child health care.
• The goal of population stabilization aimed to achieve a total fertility rate (TFR) of 2.1, which is the fertility rate at which a population naturally replaces itself from one generation to the next, without migration.
• This figure is considered to be the replacement-level fertility, which can lead to a stable population in the long run.

The policy also emphasized other related health objectives, such as reducing infant mortality rate, maternal mortality ratio, and promoting the delayed marriage for girls, not before age 18 and preferably after 20 years of age.

• By setting a target date of 2045, the policy recognized that population stabilization would take time to achieve due to the demographic momentum where even as fertility rates decline, the total population continues to grow due to the large base of young people.
• This momentum is a result of past high fertility which results in a large number of young individuals entering their reproductive years.
• Moreover, there are regional disparities with some states achieving replacement-level fertility, while others have high fertility rates.
• Policies and programs that emphasize women's education, healthcare access, family planning services, and socio-economic development are crucial in achieving the goal of population stabilization.

The Correct answer is Option 1

Key Points

•  Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY):The scheme with the main objective of promoting appropriate methods, care, and services during pregnancy, safe delivery, and lactation to improve the health and nutritional status of pregnant and lactating women and their infants (0-6 months). Hence, Statement 1 is correct.

Additional Information

• The Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY) is a maternity benefit scheme implemented by the Government of India.
• It aims to provide financial assistance to pregnant and lactating women to help meet expenses related to pregnancy and child health. 

• Key Features:

1. Objective: To support the health and nutrition of pregnant and lactating women and compensate for wage loss during pregnancy, promoting safe delivery and good nutritional health.

2. Eligibility:

   • Pregnant and lactating women of 19 years of age or above.
   • Applicable for the first living child of the family.
   • Beneficiaries from all states/UTs except for women working in the central/state government or receiving similar benefits under other schemes.

3. Financial Assistance:

   • A cash incentive of ₹5,000 is provided in three installments:
     • ₹1,000 after early registration of pregnancy.
     • ₹2,000 after at least one antenatal check-up.
     • ₹2,000 after the registration of the child’s birth and the completion of the first cycle of vaccination.

4. Additional Benefits: The cash benefit provided under PMMVY complements the existing Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY), under which eligible beneficiaries receive additional monetary incentives for institutional delivery.

5. Implementation: The scheme is implemented by the Ministry of Women and Child Development and operates across states and union territories through Anganwadi Centers and government hospitals.

The correct answer is 1, 2 and 3.

Key Points

• Biological forces encompass genetic factors, physical growth, and health-related issues that impact human development.
• Psychological forces include cognitive, emotional, and personality factors that shape an individual's development.
• Life cycle forces refer to the different stages of development and how experiences and changes at each stage influence overall growth.
• The interplay of these forces creates a comprehensive framework for understanding human development.
• Each of these forces interacts with the others, influencing and being influenced by environmental and social factors.

Additional Information

• Biological Forces:
  • Include genetic inheritance, brain development, and physical health.
  • Factors such as nutrition, diseases, and physical injuries also play a crucial role.
• Psychological Forces:
  • Encompass cognitive processes like thinking, memory, and problem-solving.
  • Emotional factors include feelings, moods, and emotional regulation.
• Life Cycle Forces:
  • These are the experiences and changes that occur at different stages of life, from infancy to old age.
  • They include key milestones such as childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and aging.
• Interaction of Forces:
  • These forces do not act in isolation but interact dynamically.
  • Environmental influences such as culture, family, and education can modify the impact of these forces.

The correct answer is Deal with cases involving minors.

Key Points

• The Juvenile Justice Board (JJB) is primarily responsible for handling cases involving minors in conflict with the law.
• JJB ensures that minors receive a fair trial and are treated according to the principles of juvenile justice, focusing on reformative and rehabilitative measures.
• Established under the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015, the JJB comprises one Principal Magistrate and two social workers, one of whom must be a woman.
• The Board has the authority to conduct inquiries and pass orders for the care, protection, and rehabilitation of juvenile offenders.
• JJB aims to provide a child-friendly environment and ensure that the juvenile’s rights are protected throughout the judicial process.

Additional Information

• Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015
  • This Act provides the legal framework for juvenile justice in India, focusing on the care, protection, treatment, and rehabilitation of children in conflict with the law.
  • It emphasizes the need for specialized care and protection for juvenile offenders, distinct from adult criminals.
  • The Act mandates the establishment of Juvenile Justice Boards in every district to handle cases involving minors.
  • It also includes provisions for the adoption of children and the management of Child Care Institutions (CCIs).
• Role of Principal Magistrate
  • The Principal Magistrate is the presiding officer of the Juvenile Justice Board.
  • They are responsible for ensuring that the proceedings are conducted in a child-friendly manner.
  • The Magistrate must have special knowledge or experience in child psychology or child welfare.
• Rehabilitation and Reintegration
  • The primary goal of the JJB is the rehabilitation and reintegration of juvenile offenders into society.
  • This includes providing counseling, vocational training, and educational opportunities.
  • Efforts are made to involve the family and community in the rehabilitation process.
• Child Welfare Committees (CWC)
  • Separate from the JJB, CWCs are responsible for the care and protection of children in need of care and protection.
  • CWCs are also established under the Juvenile Justice Act and work alongside JJBs to ensure the welfare of all children.

• Poshan Maah, or Nutrition Month, is celebrated in India in the month of September every year. This initiative is part of the Government of India’s flagship programme, POSHAN Abhiyaan, which aims to improve nutritional outcomes for children, pregnant women, and lactating mothers.
• The objective of Poshan Maah is to promote awareness and encourage efforts to address malnutrition issues across the country. The month is marked by various activities and campaigns to educate people about the importance of nutrition and healthy eating practices.
• During Poshan Maah, various ministries, departments, and state governments collaborate to organize workshops, seminars, and community outreach programs to spread the message of good nutrition.

• Rationale: November is not associated with Poshan Maah. However, it is the month when India observes National Nutrition Week from 1st to 7th September, which is a separate event aimed at raising awareness about the importance of nutrition.

• Rationale: January does not have any specific observance related to Poshan Maah. It is generally a month for new year resolutions and various other health-related campaigns, but not specifically focused on nutrition like Poshan Maah.

• Rationale: February is not linked with Poshan Maah. However, it is a significant month for health awareness days such as World Cancer Day on February 4th, but it does not focus on the comprehensive nutritional awareness that Poshan Maah addresses.

• Among the given options, September is the correct month for the celebration of Poshan Maah in India. This month-long event is crucial for addressing and improving nutritional standards across the country through widespread awareness and community engagement.

The correct answer is - second

Key Points

• Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman became the second woman to present the Union Budget four times, as of January 2023.
• She joined the ranks of Indira Gandhi, who was the first woman to have presented the budget four times.
• This achievement highlights her significant role in Indian finance and governance.
• The Union Budget is one of the most crucial economic events in India, and presenting it multiple times is a rare accomplishment for any finance minister.

Additional Information

• Indira Gandhi
  • Indira Gandhi, former Prime Minister of India, is the first woman who presented the Union Budget four times.
  • Her tenure as a finance minister showcased the early female participation in high-level governance in India.
• Union Budget Significance
  • The Union Budget is presented annually and is the financial plan for the government for the upcoming year.
  • It impacts various sectors of the economy, including education, healthcare, infrastructure, and more.
  • The Finance Minister plays a critical role in shaping economic policies and decisions that affect the entire nation.

The correct answer is Haryana

In News

• Haryana has become the first state to procure all crops at the Minimum Support Price (MSP).
• The coverage has been expanded from 14 crops to 23 crops.

Key Points

• The state will waive Rs 133 crore in canal water irrigation charges.
• This waiver will save farmers about Rs 54 crore annually.
• Additionally, Rs 137 crore in compensation for farmers affected by natural disasters will be paid within a week.
• These measures aim to provide financial relief and support to the agricultural community in Haryana.

Additional Information

• The Minimum Support Price (MSP) is a government-set price at which it purchases crops from farmers, ensuring them a minimum profit for their harvest.
• Haryana's decision to procure all crops at MSP can serve as a model for other states to ensure the welfare of farmers.
• Waiving irrigation charges and providing timely compensation for natural disaster-affected farmers are significant steps in reducing the financial burden on the agricultural sector.

The long-term objective of the National Population Policy (2000) of India was to achieve population stabilization by the year: 2045
Important PointsThe National Population Policy of India, established in 2000, set a goal of stabilizing the country's population by the year 2045, at a level consistent with the requirements of sustainable economic growth, social development, and environmental protection.

The National Population Policy (NPP) 2000 was a comprehensive policy introduced by the Government of India with the long-term objective of achieving a stable population by 2045.

• The policy had several immediate objectives such as addressing the unmet needs for contraception, healthcare infrastructure, and health personnel, and to provide integrated service delivery for basic reproductive and child health care.
• The goal of population stabilization aimed to achieve a total fertility rate (TFR) of 2.1, which is the fertility rate at which a population naturally replaces itself from one generation to the next, without migration.
• This figure is considered to be the replacement-level fertility, which can lead to a stable population in the long run.

The policy also emphasized other related health objectives, such as reducing infant mortality rate, maternal mortality ratio, and promoting the delayed marriage for girls, not before age 18 and preferably after 20 years of age.

• By setting a target date of 2045, the policy recognized that population stabilization would take time to achieve due to the demographic momentum where even as fertility rates decline, the total population continues to grow due to the large base of young people.
• This momentum is a result of past high fertility which results in a large number of young individuals entering their reproductive years.
• Moreover, there are regional disparities with some states achieving replacement-level fertility, while others have high fertility rates.
• Policies and programs that emphasize women's education, healthcare access, family planning services, and socio-economic development are crucial in achieving the goal of population stabilization.

The correct answer is ​Ahmedabad

In News

• Ahmedabad continues to be the most affordable major Indian city for housing, maintaining this position since 2019.
• According to Knight Frank India's Affordability Index, the equated monthly instalment (EMI) to income ratio for an average household in Ahmedabad is 21%.

Key Points

• Pune and Kolkata follow Ahmedabad with an affordability ratio of 24% each.
• The index indicates that a higher reading means less affordability, with a ratio over 50% considered "unaffordable."
• Mumbai, with a ratio of 51%, is the only major city deemed "unaffordable."
• Overall, housing affordability in India has improved significantly over the last decade and a half, mainly due to a fall in the repo rate.

Additional Information

• Knight Frank India's Affordability Index tracks the EMI to income ratio for an average household to determine housing affordability.
• The improvement in housing affordability across major Indian cities is attributed to economic growth, rising income levels, and a stable interest rate environment.
• In 2010, Mumbai had an affordability index reading of 93%, which has significantly reduced to 51% in 2024.
• The Reserve Bank of India's 7.2% GDP growth estimate for FY25 and a stable interest rate scenario are expected to continue supporting homebuyer demand and affordability levels.
• As income levels rise, financial confidence among end-users increases, encouraging long-term financial commitments toward housing and asset creation.

The correct answer is Atma Nirbhar Bharat Package, 3%

Key PointsAgriculture Infrastructure Fund (AIF):

• The Agriculture Infrastructure Fund (AIF) was launched under the Atma Nirbhar Bharat Package to transform the agricultural infrastructure landscape in India.
• The scheme provides ₹1 lakh crore in loans for agricultural infrastructure projects.
• An interest subvention of 3% per annum is provided on these loans, making them more affordable for farmers and agribusinesses.
• The AIF aims to enhance the overall efficiency and competitiveness of the agriculture sector by improving storage, processing, and transportation infrastructure.

Objectives of AIF  

• To support the creation of modern agricultural infrastructure such as cold chains, warehouses, and primary processing centers.
• To reduce post-harvest losses and improve the availability of high-quality produce.
• To enable farmers to access better markets and increase their income.
• To promote investment in rural areas, creating job opportunities and driving economic growth.

Additional Information Related Schemes:

• Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana: Focused on irrigation infrastructure and water resource management.
• Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana: Aimed at ensuring holistic development of agriculture and allied sectors.
• Swachh Bharat Abhiyan: Focused on cleanliness and sanitation but not directly related to agricultural infrastructure.