Operating Systems MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Operating Systems - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is option 3.

Concept:

Many I/O services are provided by the kernel. Caching, scheduling, spooling, device reservation, and error handling are all tasks provided by the kernel that rely on the hardware and device driver infrastructure.

• A spooling is a type of buffer that holds the jobs for a system until the system is ready to accept the jobs. 
• Spooling considers discs to be a huge buffer capable of holding as many jobs as the device requires until the output devices are ready to accept them.
• Spooling allows a user to view and, if desired, delete specific data streams.

Hence the correct answer is Spooling.

Additional InformationCaching:

Caching involves storing a replica of data in a location that is easier to reach than the original.

Buffering:

The buffer is a section of main memory used to temporarily store or keep data sent between two devices or between a device and an application.

• A thread is a lightweight process that can be managed independently by a scheduler.
• A message queue is a linked list of messages stored within the kernel and identified by a message queue identifier.
• Threads share the code and data segments and the heap, but they don't share the stack and registers. Message queue comes under data and therefore it is shared by thread.
• Threads of the same process don’t share stack and register, hence option 3 is correct

Data:

Virtual address space (VAS) = 2³² Byte

Physical address space (PAS) = 2²⁸ Byte

Page size (PS) = 2¹¹ Byte

Formula:

\({\rm{number\;of\;pages\;}} = {\rm{P}} = \frac{{{\rm{VAS}}}}{{{\rm{PS}}}}\)

\({\rm{number\;of\;frames}} = {\rm{F}} = \frac{{{\rm{PAS}}}}{{{\rm{PS}}}}\)

Bits required for the virtual page number = ⌈ log₂ P ⌉

Bits required for the physical page number = ⌈ log₂ F⌉

Calculation:

\({\rm{P}} = \frac{{{2^{32}}}}{{{2^{11}}}} = {2^{21}}\)

Bits required for the virtual page number = ⌈ log₂ 2²¹ ⌉ = 21

\({\rm{F}} = \frac{{{2^{28}}}}{{{2^{11}}}} = \;{2^{17}}\)

Concept:

In the priority scheduling algorithm, a priority is associated with each process, and CPU is allocated to the process with the highest priority. 

Explanation:

Priority scheduling can be either preemptive or non-preemptive. A major problem with the priority scheduling algorithm is indefinite blocking or starvation. This algorithm can leave some low priority processes waiting indefinitely. 

The solution to the problem of starvation is aging. Aging is a technique of gradually increasing the priority of processes that wait in the system for a long time. 

Example: if priorities range from 100 to 0(high), we could increase the priority of a waiting process by 1 every 15 minutes. Due to this, even a process with 100 priority would have the highest priority.

Key Points

• Scheduling emails helps in better time management as it allows you to plan and send emails at a specific time, ensuring you don't forget important communications.
• It enables you to reach your audience at the optimal time, increasing the likelihood that your email will be read and responded to.
• By scheduling emails, you can ensure consistent communication even when you are busy or out of office.
• It helps in managing your workflow more efficiently and avoids the need for real-time email handling, thus freeing up time for other tasks.

Additional Information

• Time management
  • It is the process of planning and controlling how much time to spend on specific activities.
  • Good time management enables an individual to complete more tasks in a shorter period, lowers stress, and leads to career success.
  • It involves tools and techniques such as setting goals, prioritizing tasks, and planning.
  • Effective time management helps individuals and organizations achieve their objectives efficiently.
• Increased response time
  • It refers to the period between sending an email and receiving a reply.
  • Strategically scheduling emails can sometimes improve response rates but is not a guaranteed benefit.
• Immediate delivery
  • This refers to the instant transmission of emails upon clicking the send button.
  • Scheduling emails is about delaying the send time to a future point rather than immediate delivery.
• Reduced inbox clutter
  • This involves techniques to minimize the number of emails in your inbox.
  • Scheduling emails does not directly reduce inbox clutter; instead, email organization techniques such as filtering and archiving are more relevant.

A utility program merges the records from two files into one for optimization purposes.

Following are some functions of a Utility software

→ to analyse a system

→ to configure various parts

→ to optimize the functionalities

→ to maintain a computer.

It is used to support the computer infrastructure in contrast to application software, which is aimed at directly performing tasks that benefit ordinary users.

The correct answer is option 2.

Concept:

The quality and loss of audio data are determined by the audio format. Many different audio formats are utilized, depending on the application.

The three categories of audio formats are as follows:

Lossy Compressed format:

Different types of lossy compressed formats are,

• ​PCM(Pulse-Code Modulation),
• WAV( Waveform Audio File Format) and
• AIFF(Audio Interchange File Format)

Uncompressed Format:

Different types of Uncompressed formats are,

• MP3( MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3),
• AAC (Advanced Audio Coding), and
• WMA(Windows Media Audio)

Lossless Compressed Format:

Different types of Lossless Compressed formats are,

• FLAC(Free Lossless Audio Codec),
• ALAC (Apple Lossless Audio Codec) 
• MID ( Musical Instrument Digital Interface)
• WMA(Windows Media Audio)

Explanation:

A RAR file is a type of compressed file that may hold one or more files and directories. Simply described, a Roshal Archive Compressed file is a different format for compressing files and archiving them. RAR files function similarly to ZIP files.

Hence the correct answer is .rar.

The correct option is (2)

Diskcopy

Key Points

• A track-by-track copy of one disc into another is done with diskcopy. The copy command copies a specified set of files; the chkdsk and format commands do not copy anything.
• The COPY command does exactly what it says on the tin: it copies the text or image you've chosen and stores it on your virtual clipboard until another "cut" or "copy" command replaces it.
• Ctrl + C and Ctrl + V are the shortcut keys for copying and pasting in Windows, respectively.
• The operating system changes the file name automatically if you paste a file into the same directory it was copied from since each file name must be distinct.

Additional InformationFormat:- The general design of a document or spreadsheet is referred to as format or document format. For instance, the alignment of text in many English papers is to the page's left.

Chkdsk:- Chkdsk generates a status report for each file system after examining disc space and disc use.

Virtual Memory in Operating System:

• A computer can address more memory than the amount physically installed on the system. This extra memory is actually called virtual memory and it is a section of a hard disk that's set up to emulate the computer's RAM.
• Virtual memory implements the translation of a program's address space to physical addresses.
• Virtual memory serves two purposes. First, it allows us to extend the use of physical memory by using the disk.
• Second, it allows us to have memory protection because each virtual address is translated into a physical address.

The correct answer is Ready queue

Key PointsProcess scheduling queue or simply process queue are

• Job queue: It is the queue that keeps all the processes in the system.
• Ready queue: It is the queue that keeps a set of all processes residing in main memory, ready and waiting to execute. A new process is always put in this queue.
• Device queues: It is the processes which are blocked due to unavailability of an I/O device constitute this queue.

∴ The answer is ready queue.

Concept:

Swapping is a technique of temporarily removing the inactive program from the memory of a system to allow space for other processes.

Explanation:

It moves the process from the main memory when it is blocked and deallocating the memory. This free memory is allocated to the other processes.  When a process is swapped out, its executable copy is copied to the secondary memory. When the process is swapped back into the available main memory, the executable image that was swapped out is copied into the new block allocated by the memory manager.

Diagram:

Important Points

The size of the ready queue doesn’t depend on the number of processes. A single processor system may have a large number of processes waiting in ready queue  

Additional Information   

Transition Diagram:

Important Points:

n CPUs → maximum n process in running state

A real-time operating system is an operating system intended to serve real-time applications that process data as it comes in, typically without buffer delays. A real-time system is a time-bound system which has well defined fixed time constraints.

Concept

Threads are sometimes called lightweight processes because they have their own stack but can access shared data. Because threads share the same address space as the process and other threads within the process, the operational cost of communication between the threads is low, which is an advantage. 

Important Points:

Multiple threads of the same process share other resources of process except register, stack and stack pointer. In particular, a process is generally considered to consist of a set of threads sharing an address space, heap, static data, code segments and file descriptors.

Thread of the same process doesn't share program counter (register), stack,  registers