Who among the following rulers of medieval Gujarat surrendered Diu to the Portuguese? 

The correct answer isOption 3.

Key PointsBahadur Shah (1526–1537):

• 22nd Sultan of Gujarat: 
  • ​Bahadur Shah was the ruler of the Gujarat Sultanate during the early 16th century.
  • He expanded the sultanate to its greatest extent and was known for his diplomatic skills.
• Conflict with the Portuguese:
  • In 1531, the Portuguese, led by Nuno da Cunha, launched an attack on Diu, a crucial port city under Bahadur Shah's rule. The Sultan's forces successfully defended the city during this assault.
  • However, in 1535, the Portuguese, led by viceroy Martim Afonso de Sousa, launched another, more determined attack on Diu. Bahadur Shah’s forces could not withstand this onslaught.
• Treaty with the Portuguese:
  • In 1535, Bahadur Shah signed a treaty with the Portuguese, surrendering Diu to them.
  • In return, the Portuguese provided military assistance to Bahadur Shah against the Mughal Empire.
  • This agreement marked the establishment of a permanent Portuguese foothold on the Gujarat coast.
• Aftermath:
  • Bahadur Shah was killed in battle in 1537, leading to the collapse of the Gujarat Sultanate under Mughal pressure. However, the Portuguese retained control over Diu until 1961.
• Other Rulers:
  • Ahmad Shah, Mahmud Begarha, and Muhammad Shah: While influential in their own right, these rulers did not surrender Diu to the Portuguese.
• Hence, Option 3: Bahadur Shah is the correct answer.