Digestive System MCQ Quiz in मल्याळम - Objective Question with Answer for Digestive System - സൗജന്യ PDF ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക

The correct answer is 2013

Key Points

• In 2013 the Union Government of India passed the National Food Security Act was passed. 
• This act was passed to provide food security to the citizens of this country.
• In this scheme, the State would have to identify the eligible households and the union government will provide necessary food grains according to the requirement.
• Under this scheme eligible person will receive 5kg of food grain per person in priority household and person in Antyodaya Anna Yojana will get 35kg per family. 
• A total of 67% population of the country is covered with this scheme.

The correct answer is Vitamin - E.

Key Points

• Vitamin E, known primarily for its antioxidant properties, plays a crucial role in the reproductive health of both male and female animals.
• Role in males: Vitamin E is important for the maturation and function of sperm cells. Deficiency in Vitamin E might lead to damage to the sperm membrane (due to oxidative stress), leading to a decrease in sperm motility and reducing fertility.
• Role in females: Vitamin E also has an important role in females' reproductive processes. It has been shown to increase the thickness of the endometrium, which is beneficial for embryo implantation. In addition, Vitamin E helps reduce inflammation and oxidative stress in the ovarian tissue and uterus, which can improve overall fertility.
• Moreover, Vitamin E has been linked to reducing the risk of spontaneous abortions and stillbirths in some animal studies.
• The antioxidant properties of vitamin E may help prevent miscarriage by reducing oxidative stress, a factor that can lead to pregnancy complications.
• Vitamin E can also help in the proper development of the fetal circulatory system and protect the developing fetus against oxidative damage.
• These factors contribute significantly to ensuring a viable and healthy pregnancy.

The correct answer is Facilitate transport.

Key Points

• Fructose is absorbed in the small intestine by facilitated diffusion, which is a passive form of transport that does not require energy.
• This process is facilitated by carrier proteins embedded in the cell membrane that help substances cross the membrane.
• In the case of fructose:
• The fructose molecules move from the high concentration in the small intestine into the epithelial cells that line the intestine.
• This occurs via a specific fructose transporter protein, known as GLUT5.
• Once inside the intestinal cells, fructose is then transported into the bloodstream by another transporter called GLUT2.
• This is how fructose is moved into the body's cells -- first by facilitated transport via GLUT5 into the intestinal cells, then from these cells to the bloodstream via GLUT2.
• The transport of fructose is therefore different from that of glucose.
• Glucose absorption is a kind of active transport process, which means it requires energy and involves a transporter known as SGLT1 (Sodium glucose co-transporter 1).

The correct answer is Whole cereals.

Key Points

• Whole cereals are a rich source of Niacin (Vitamin B3). While other foods like eggs also contain Niacin, whole cereals typically can provide greater amounts of this vitamin.
• Including whole grains or cereals in your diet supports overall health, contributing to cellular metabolism, skin health, and the proper function of the nervous and digestive systems.

Additional Information 

• Whole cereals or whole grains refer to a group of foods that include the entire grain kernel, meaning the bran, germ, and endosperm parts of the grain.
• This differentiates them from refined grains, which have had the bran and germ removed through processing.
• These whole cereals can be a rich source of niacin, also known as vitamin B3.
• Niacin is one of the essential B vitamins that our bodies need to function properly.
• It plays a vital role in converting food into energy, aiding in the function of the digestive system, skin, and nerves, and is also important in cellular metabolism.
• Including a variety of these in your diet can help to ensure sufficient intake of niacin.
• But, it's also important to remember that niacin content can vary between different species and types of grains or cereals - influenced by factors such as the quality of the soil in which the grain was grown and the manner in which it was processed or cooked.
• In addition to being a source of niacin, whole cereals are also notably high in dietary fiber, and provide a host of other important nutrients, such as iron, magnesium, and other B vitamins. Therefore, consuming whole grains or cereals supports overall health and well-being.

The correct answer is Waist Hip Ratio.

Key Points

• The Waist-Hip Ratio is commonly used to assess central obesity and related risk for cardiovascular disease in adults, not nutritional status in children.
• For children, we typically look at body weight, height, and sometimes chest or head circumference (especially in infants and small children) to assess their overall growth and nutritional status.
• Childhood nutritional status is often determined using standards like the World Health Organization (WHO) growth charts or the Child Growth Standards, which use parameters like height-for-age, weight-for-age, weight-for-height, and body mass index-for-age.

The correct answer is Iodine.

Key Points

• Goitrogens can inhibit the absorption or utilization of iodine by the thyroid gland.
• This can disrupt the production of thyroid hormones, potentially leading to an enlarged thyroid (a condition known as a goiter) and other thyroid-related problems.
• Foods that are known to contain goitrogens include certain types of vegetables like cabbage, broccoli, and kale, among others.
• Cooking can often reduce the goitrogenic substances in these foods.

Additional Information

• Goitrogens are naturally-occurring substances found in certain foods that can interfere with the function of the thyroid gland by inhibiting the body's ability to use iodine.
• Iodine is a crucial mineral that the thyroid uses to produce thyroid hormones, which regulate body's metabolism, including heart rate and body temperature, as well as protein synthesis and the rate at which the body uses digested food and nutrients.
• When foods containing goitrogens are consumed in very large amounts, they can cause the thyroid gland to enlarge, a condition known as goiter, and potentially lead to hypothyroidism, a condition in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough hormones.
• Foods that are typically high in goitrogens include:

1. Cruciferous vegetables like broccoli, cauliflower, kale, cabbage, and Brussels sprouts.
2. Soy-based foods and products.
3. Certain fruits and starchy plants like peaches, strawberries, sweet potatoes, and cassava.
4. Nuts and seeds like millet, pine nuts, peanuts, and mustard seeds.

• However, it's important to note that eating moderate amounts of these foods doesn't generally cause issues in people with normal thyroid function, particularly if these foods are cooked, since heat can deactivate goitrogenic compounds.
• The risk becomes more significant if one consumes a diet excessively rich in goitrogens and is concurrently iodine-deficient.

Key Points

• The alimentary canal is a long, tube-like structure that runs from the mouth to the anus.
• The alimentary canal plays an important role in human digestion, hence it is also termed as the digestive tract.
• The primary organs of the alimentary canal are - the mouth and buccal cavity, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.
• The alimentary canal is also associated with digestive glands such as salivary glands, pancreas, and liver.

Important Points

• The adrenal gland is an endocrine gland but is not associated with the alimentary canal.
• The adrenal glands are located on top of both kidneys, thus these are commonly called suprarenal glands.
• The gland has two parts - the adrenal medulla and the adrenal cortex.
• Both the medulla and cortex secrete different types pf hormones.
• The adrenal medulla secretes two types of hormones - Adrenaline (epinephrine) and Noradrenaline (norepinephrine).
• Adrenaline and Noradrenaline are known as emergency or 'Fight or Flight' hormones.
• The adrenal cortex produces a variety of hormones viz., glucocorticoids such as corticosterone, cortisol, etc., mineralocorticoids such as aldosterone, and adrenal androgens.

Additional Information

• Pancreas-
  • It acts as both exocrine and endocrine gland.
  • The exocrine pancreas secretes digestive enzymes and the endocrine part secretes hormones.
  • The digestive enzymes such as amylase, proteases, and lipase are secreted by the pancreas into the duodenum.
  • Islets of Langerhans are present in the pancreas that secrete hormones such as Insulin, Glucagon, and Somatostatin into the blood.
• Liver-
  • The liver is located in the upper right region of the abdomen.
  • It is the largest digestive gland.
  • The liver secretes bile juice that is stored by the gall bladder.
  • Bile helps in the emulsification of fats and the digestion of vitamins and cholesterol.
• Salivary gland-
  • The salivary gland secretes digestive juice saliva in the buccal cavity.
  • Saliva has three digestive enzymes- lingual lipase, salivary amylase, and maltase.

Hence, the correct option is (2) Adrenal.

The Correct Answer is : Calcium

Key Points

• Milk is a rich source of  Calcium, Phosphorus, and vitamin A.
• Milk is a poor source of Iron and Vitamin C.
• The white color of the milk is due to the presence of Casein. 

Explanation:

• Dietary sources of vitamins vary widely, and different food items can be rich in different vitamins.
• Eggs, cheese, and milk are all animal-derived foods known for their nutritional content, which includes several vitamins.

• Eggs, cheese, and milk are all known to be good sources of vitamins A and D.
• Vitamin A: Both the egg yolk and milk products like cheese and milk contain Vitamin A. It's a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for vision, growth, cell division, reproduction, and immunity.
• Vitamin D: Again, egg yolks, cheese, and milk are good sources of Vitamin D, another fat-soluble vitamin. In particular, many dairy products are fortified with Vitamin D to help promote calcium absorption for healthy bones.
• So, eggs, cheese, and milk are rich sources of vitamins A and D.
• While they are rich in Vitamins A and D, eggs, cheese, and milk also contain some of the B vitamins, particularly B2 (riboflavin) and B12, but not all of them, so they are not generally considered a rich source of Vitamin B as a whole.
• Vitamin D is unique because it can also be synthesized in the skin upon exposure to sunlight.
• However, dietary sources can still be important, particularly in regions with less sunlight or for individuals who do not spend much time outdoors.
• It's also worth noting that while these foods are nutritious, they also contain saturated fats and cholesterol.
• Vitamins are essential nutrients, meaning they must be obtained from the diet because the body cannot produce sufficient quantities on its own.
• Different vitamins have different roles in the body, from supporting vision and the immune system to aiding in energy production and bone health.

The correct answer is All of the above.

Key Points

• Iodised salt is useful because it improves digestion.
• Iodised salt is table salt assorted with a minute amount of various salts of the element iodine.
• The ingestion of iodine intercepts iodine deficiency.
• Iodine deficiency is globally influencing about two billion people and is the leading restrainable cause of intellectual and developmental disabilities.
• Deficiency even causes thyroid gland problems, including "endemic goitre".
• In many countries, iodine deficiency is causing serious public health threats that can be cheaply addressed by purposely adding small amounts of iodine to the sodium chloride salt.

Additional Information

• Iodine is a micronutrient and dietary mineral that is naturally present in the food supply in some regions, specifically present near sea coasts but is generally quite rare in the Earth's crust since iodine is a so-called heavy element.
• The profusion of chemical elements generally declines with greater atomic mass.

Important Points 

• Where natural levels of iodine in the soil are inferior and the iodine is not taken as needed up by vegetables, iodine added to salt bestows the small but essential amount of iodine needed by humans.
• An opened package of table salt with iodide may rapidly lose its iodine content in high temperature and high relative humidity conditions through the procedure of oxidation and iodine sublimation.