Digestive System MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Digestive System - Download Free PDF

The Correct answer is Increased saliva and digestion.

Key Points

• Chewing food thoroughly stimulates the production of saliva, which contains enzymes like amylase and lipase that aid in the breakdown of carbohydrates and fats.
• Saliva not only helps in digestion but also moistens the food, forming a bolus, which makes it easier to swallow and pass through the esophagus.
• Proper chewing enhances the breakdown of food into smaller particles, which increases the surface area for digestive enzymes to act upon in the stomach and intestines, improving overall digestion.
• Mindful eating, which involves chewing thoroughly, allows the brain to register satiety signals, reducing the likelihood of overeating and supporting healthy weight management.
• Chewing thoroughly reduces the risk of indigestion and bloating as it ensures food is adequately processed before it reaches the stomach.
• It promotes better absorption of nutrients by ensuring the food is broken down effectively, facilitating easier digestion and assimilation in the small intestine.
• Chewing stimulates the production of gastric juices in the stomach, further aiding the digestive process.
• Mindful eating and thorough chewing can also enhance the sensory experience of eating, allowing individuals to savor flavors, textures, and aromas more deeply.

Additional Information

• Faster eating
  • Faster eating often leads to overeating because the brain does not have enough time to process satiety signals, resulting in delayed recognition of fullness.
  • It can cause digestive issues like bloating, gas, and indigestion because food is not adequately chewed.
• Increased calorie intake
  • Chewing food thoroughly during mindful eating generally helps reduce calorie intake as it promotes a sense of fullness, contrary to this option.
  • Increased calorie intake is often associated with unmindful or rushed eating practices.
• Reduced nutrient absorption
  • Chewing food thoroughly actually enhances nutrient absorption because it facilitates better digestion and breakdown of food particles.
  • Reduced nutrient absorption can occur if food is swallowed without proper chewing, leading to incomplete digestion.

The correct answer is Villi.

Key Points

• Villi are small, finger-like projections found in the small intestine.
• They increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients.
• Each villus contains a network of capillaries and a lymph vessel to aid in nutrient absorption.
• The epithelial cells on the villi have microvilli, which further increase the surface area.

Important Points

• The primary function of villi is to absorb nutrients from the chyme passing through the small intestine.
• Villi are covered with epithelial cells which are specialized for nutrient absorption.
• The capillaries within the villi transport absorbed nutrients to the liver via the hepatic portal vein.
• The lymph vessels, or lacteals, within the villi are responsible for absorbing fatty acids and glycerol.

Additional Information

• Cortex: The cortex is the outer layer of an organ or structure, such as the brain or kidney, not related to the structure of the small intestine.
• Cristae: Cristae are the folds in the inner membrane of mitochondria, involved in cellular respiration, not part of the small intestine.
• Pili: Pili are hair-like structures on the surface of bacteria, aiding in attachment to surfaces, not related to the small intestine.

The correct answer is Liver

Explanation:

• The liver is the largest internal organ in the body, involved in numerous metabolic processes
• It is enveloped by Glisson's capsule, which provides protection and structural support to the liver tissue.
• It contains blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves that supply the liver.

Other Options:

• Kidney: The kidney is responsible for filtering blood to produce urine and does not contain Glisson's capsule. Instead, the kidney is encapsulated by the renal capsule, a tough fibrous layer.
• Brain: The brain is the central organ of the nervous system, encased in the meninges, which include the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater. 
• Gall bladder: The gall bladder is a small organ that stores bile produced by the liver. It does not have Glisson's capsule; instead, it is lined with a mucosal layer and has a muscular wall.

The correct answer is Salt and sour

Explanation:

• The human tongue has taste buds that contain taste receptors capable of detecting five basic tastes: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami.
• Different parts of the tongue are more sensitive to certain tastes, although all regions can detect all five tastes to some degree.
• The taste buds on the sides of the tongue are particularly sensitive to sour and salty tastes.
  • Bitter: Taste receptors for bitterness are primarily located at the back of the tongue. This is because bitter substances are often toxins, and their detection at the back of the tongue helps trigger the gag reflex to prevent ingestion.
  • Salt and Sour: As mentioned, the sides of the tongue are most sensitive to salty and sour tastes. Salt taste helps in the regulation of electrolyte balance, while sour taste can indicate the presence of acidic substances, which need to be moderated in the diet.
  • Sweet: Taste receptors for sweetness are mainly located at the tip of the tongue. Sweet taste detection is essential for recognizing energy-rich nutrients like carbohydrates.

The correct answer is Churning movement

Explanation:

• The stomach is a muscular organ that plays a critical role in the digestive system. It uses its muscles to mix and grind food into a semi-liquid form called chyme.
• The stomach has three layers of muscle fibers: longitudinal, circular, and oblique. The oblique muscles are the innermost layer.
• The primary function of the oblique muscles is to aid in the churning and mixing of food with gastric juices, facilitating the breakdown of food particles.

Other Options:

• Peristaltic movement: This is a series of wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract. Peristalsis is performed by the circular and longitudinal muscles of the digestive tract. These muscles are collectively called the muscularis propria. 
• Reverse Peristaltic movements: These are contractions that move contents in the opposite direction, often associated with vomiting

The correct answer is Acromegaly - Adrenaline. Key Points

• Acromegaly is a hormonal disorder that results in the excessive production of growth hormone, which is produced by the pituitary gland.
• Adrenaline is not associated with acromegaly.
• Instead, it is a hormone that is produced by the adrenal glands and is involved in the body's "fight or flight" response.
• Cushing's syndrome is a condition that is caused by the overproduction of cortisol, a steroid hormone that is produced by the adrenal glands.
• Diabetes is a condition that is characterized by high levels of glucose (sugar) in the blood.
  • It is caused by a lack of insulin, a hormone that is produced by the pancreas.
• Thyroxin, which is associated with goitre, is involved in regulating metabolism and growth.
  • It helps to regulate the body's energy production and influences the development of the brain, bones, and muscles.

Additional Information

• Cortisol, which is associated with Cushing's syndrome, is involved in regulating a variety of bodily functions, including metabolism, immune response, and stress response.
• Insulin, which is associated with diabetes, regulates the levels of glucose (sugar) in the blood.
  • It allows cells to use glucose for energy and helps to store excess glucose in the liver and muscles.
• Goitre is a condition that is characterized by an enlarged thyroid gland.
  • It is often caused by a deficiency of iodine, which is necessary for the production of thyroid hormones.

The correct answer is Deficiency of protein.

Key Points

• About Proteins:
  • Proteins are one of the building blocks of body tissue.
  • Proteins are made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen.
  • Proteins help for the growth and repair of the body.
  • Proteins are the nutrient known as 'bodybuilders'.
  • Amino acid is the basic unit of proteins.
  • The Soyabean contains the highest percentage of protein.
  • The major source of proteins is meat, milk, egg, fish, gram, etc.
• Marasmus is also caused by severe protein deficiency.
• Kwashiorkor is caused by severe protein deficiency.​

Additional Information

• Deficiency of iron
  • Iron deficiency can lead to Anaemia.
  • Iron deficiency anemia is a common type of anemia — a condition in which blood lacks adequate healthy red blood cells.
  • Red blood cells carry oxygen to the body's tissues. 
  • This means that red blood cells aren’t going to be able to carry as much oxygen to your tissues.​
• Calcium deficiency occurs at any stage.
  • It can result in rickets, osteoporosis, and osteopenia.
  • Osteoporosis occurs at later stages of life and is a disease in which bone becomes more fragile and more likely leading to fractures.

• Deficiency of vitamin A
  • Severe vitamin A deficiency can lead to night blindness and poor vision. 
  • People with night blindness do not see well in the dark, But they can see normally if enough light is present.
  • Vitamin A is found in many foods like leafy green vegetables, orange vegetables (carrots, sweet potatoes, pumpkin), eggs, and cantaloupes.

The correct answer is Villi.

Key Points

• Small structures on the inner surface of the small intestine that help absorb digested food are called villi.
• These work to increase the surface area of the intestinal walls.
• These are found in the inner walls of the small intestine.

Additional Information

• ​Nutrition in humans takes place through the human digestive system.
• It consists of the alimentary canal and its associated glands.
• The various organs found in the human digestive system are in this order –
  • Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine and Large Intestine.
• The small intestine is the largest part of the alimentary canal.
• Glands present in the walls of the small intestine secrete intestinal juice.
• Intestinal juices contains a variety of enzymes that complete the complete digestion of complex carbohydrates into glucose.
  • Proteins into amino acids and fats into fatty acids and glycerol.

The correct answer is Vitamin B1.

Key Points

• Beriberi:-
  • It is a nutritional disorder caused by a deficiency of Thiamine (vitamin B1).
  • It is an acute, progressive neuropathy with impairment of both superficial and deep sensation and motor weakness.
  • It is characterized by impairment of the nerves and heart.
  • The term beriberi is derived from the Sinhalese word meaning “extreme weakness.”
  • General symptoms include loss of appetite and overall lassitude, digestive irregularities, and a feeling of numbness and weakness in the limbs and extremities.
  • It targets and destroys heart muscles, nerve fibers, and the brain.
• Vitamin B1:-
  • ​Sources include:- Seafood, milk, meat, peas, cereals, green vegetables
  • It is useful in Growth and development, releasing energy from carbohydrates​

Additional Information

The correct answer is Vitamin B12.Key Points

• Vitamin B12 plays a crucial role in the production of red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout the body.
• Without enough Vitamin B12, the body is unable to produce enough healthy red blood cells, leading to a condition called megaloblastic anaemia.
• Symptoms of megaloblastic anaemia include fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, and pale skin.
• Vitamin B12 deficiency can also cause neurological symptoms such as tingling or numbness in the hands and feet, difficulty walking, and memory problems.

Additional Information

• Vitamin E: Deficiency of Vitamin E can cause muscle weakness, vision problems, and impaired immune function.
• Vitamin D: Deficiency of Vitamin D can lead to weakened bones, muscle weakness, and increased risk of fractures.
• Vitamin B3: Deficiency of Vitamin B3 can cause a condition called pellagra, which is characterized by symptoms such as skin rashes, diarrhea, and mental confusion.

The correct answer is Thalassemia. Key Points

• Thalassemia is a genetic disorder that affects the production of hemoglobin, leading to anemia.
• Symptoms include fatigue, weakness, pale skin, and jaundice.
• Treatment may include blood transfusions, iron chelation therapy, and bone marrow transplants. 
• Thalassemia is most commonly found in people of Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, and Southeast Asian descent.

Additional Information

• Somatostatinoma:
  • Somatostatinoma is a rare type of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor.
  • Symptoms may include abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, and diabetes.
  • Treatment may include surgery, chemotherapy, and somatostatin analogs.
• Venous Thromboembolism:
  • Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a condition in which blood clots form in the veins, usually in the legs.
  • Symptoms may include swelling, pain, and redness in the affected area.
  • Treatment may include blood thinners and compression stockings.
• Polycythemia vera:
  • Polycythemia vera is a rare blood disorder in which the body produces too many red blood cells.
  • Symptoms may include fatigue, headache, dizziness, and itching.
  • Treatment may include phlebotomy, medication, and radiation therapy.

The correct answer is Epiglottis.

Key Points

• The epiglottis is a flap of cartilage positioned in the throat behind the tongue and in front of the larynx.
• Its main function is to prevent the entry of food into the glottis opening of the windpipe during swallowing.
• During breathing, it stays open, allowing air into the larynx.
• It originates at the entrance of the larynx and is attached to the hyoid bone.
• Afterward, it projects upwards and backward behind the tongue.
• The space is present between the epiglottis and the tongue termed as, vallecula.

The correct answer is (A) is true, but (R) is false.

Explanation:

• Anaemia is a condition in which the number of red blood cells or the concentration of haemoglobin is lower than normal.
• Haemoglobin is required to carry oxygen, and if you have too few or abnormal red blood cells, or not enough haemoglobin, your blood's capacity to carry oxygen to the body's tissues will be reduced.
• Symptoms include fatigue, weakness, dizziness, and shortness of breath.
• The optimal haemoglobin concentration required to meet physiologic needs varies according to age, gender, elevation, smoking habits, and pregnancy status.
• The most common causes of anaemia are nutritional deficiencies, particularly iron deficiency, as well as folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin A deficiencies.
• Egg yolks are rich in iron, which is necessary for treating anaemia.
• Eggs contain 1.89 mg of iron, which increases energy and boosts the immune system.
• Liver is one of the most nutritionally dense foods on the planet, with significant amounts of iron, riboflavin, vitamin B12, vitamin A, and copper.
• Liver can help you meet your daily recommended amount of the majority of these vitamins and minerals, reducing your risk of nutrient deficiency.

The correct answer is Vitamin A.Key Points

• Xerophthalmia is a condition where the eyes become dry and inflamed due to a lack of vitamin A in the diet.
• Vitamin A is an essential nutrient that helps maintain good vision, skin, and immune system health.
• It also plays a role in the growth and development of bones and teeth.

Additional Information

• Vitamin B12 is important for the production of red blood cells and proper nerve function.
  • Deficiency of this vitamin can lead to anemia, fatigue, and neurological problems.
• Vitamin D is necessary for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus, which are important for bone health.
  • Deficiency of vitamin D can lead to rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults.
• Vitamin C is an antioxidant that helps protect cells from damage and is important for the immune system.
  • Deficiency of this vitamin can lead to scurvy, which can cause fatigue, weakness, and joint pain.

Concept:

• Digestion is defined as the process of breaking down complex food particles into simpler, soluble chemical compounds which are then used as nutrients by the body. 
• Digestion is accomplished by mechanical and chemical processes.
• The digestive system consists of the alimentary canal and associated digestive glands, including salivary glands, liver, and pancreas.
• Various digestive enzymes, digestive juices, and acids together help to digest food.
• Succus entericus is a mixer of various digestive enzymes, present in the duodenum wall.

Key Points

• Succus entericus contains a variety of enzymes like disaccharidases, dipeptidases, lipases, nucleosidases, etc.
• Succus entericus is secreted by the crypts of Lieberkuhn.
• The secretions of the brush border cells of the intestinal mucosa along with the secretions of the Goblet cells constitute succus entericus.
• Succus entericus acts in an alkaline medium and its pH is 7.8.
• It protects the duodenum by balancing the highly acidic and proteolytic chyme that travels from the stomach into the small intestine.
• The enzymes in the succus entericus act on the disaccharides, dipeptides, monoglycerides, diglycerides, and nucleosides to form respective simpler adsorbable forms.

Additional Information

• Insulin is a peptide hormone secreted by β-cells of the pancreas which plays an important role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis.
• A mucus is a slippery protective substance that is secreted from different areas in the body, such as the mouth, nose, throat, stomach, intestine, etc.

Hence, the correct option is (4) a variety of enzymes.