Circulatory System MCQ Quiz in मल्याळम - Objective Question with Answer for Circulatory System - സൗജന്യ PDF ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക

Correct Answer: 3)

Solution:

Concept: 

• There are two antigens A and B in humans, according to the ABO blood group system.
• These antigens determine the type of blood group.
• A person having A blood group will be having A antigen on RBCs and anti-B antibodies in the blood.
• While a person with the B blood group will be having B antigen on the RBCs and anti-A antibodies in the blood.
• And a person with the AB blood group will be having both A and B antigens on the RBCs and there will be no antibodies present for these antigens in the blood.
• That's why the AB blood group is said to be the universal acceptor because it can accept blood from A, B, AB, and O, all the blood groups.
• A person with the O blood group does not have any antigen on RBCs and has anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the blood.
• And this makes the O blood group a universal donor. But a person with the O blood group can not accept other blood groups. 

Explanation:

• Hence, the blood group is designated on the basis of the presence of antigens on the RBCs not by the antibodies in blood plasma.

So, the correct answer is option 3).

The correct answer is heart failure.

Explanation:

Congestion of the lungs is one of the main symptoms in heart failure.

In heart failure, the heart's ability to pump blood effectively is compromised, which can cause blood to back up into the pulmonary veins. Heart failure is not the same as cardiac arrest or a heart attack because in cardiac arrest, heart stops beating and in a heart attack, the heart muscle is suddenly damaged by an inadequate blood supply. This backup increases the pressure in the veins and can lead to pulmonary congestion, or fluid accumulation in the lungs, causing symptoms such as shortness of breath, coughing, and difficulty breathing. Congestion leading to heart failure is typically associated with conditions that increase the workload on the heart or compromise its ability to pump blood effectively. These conditions can cause fluid buildup (congestion) in the lungs and other parts of the body, which can eventually lead to heart failure.

While conditions like hypotension, coronary artery disease, and angina can be related to heart failure, they do not directly cause lung congestion themselves in the same way that heart failure does.

The correct answer is P- Wave.

Explanation:

The depolarization of the atria is represented by the P wave on an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG). 

P wave: The P wave is the first wave in the ECG cycle and corresponds to the depolarization of the atria, which initiates atrial contraction. It is a small, upward wave seen on the ECG.

• Description: The P wave is a small, rounded, positive deflection on the ECG.
• Origin: It represents the electrical activity associated with the depolarization of the atrial myocardium.
• Initiation: The sinoatrial (SA) node, located in the right atrium, acts as the heart's natural pacemaker and initiates the depolarization signal.
• Spread: The electrical impulse spreads across the walls of both atria, causing the atrial muscle cells to depolarize and contract.
• ECG Representation: This depolarization process creates the P wave seen on the ECG tracing.

The P wave on an ECG represents the electrical depolarization that precedes and causes atrial contraction. It is the first wave in the cycle of the ECG trace, following which the signal travels to the AV node and then to the ventricles, leading to ventricular depolarization represented by the QRS complex. The characteristics of the P wave can provide valuable insights into atrial health and function. Thus, the correct answer is P wave.

Blood group O have both the A and B antigens absent on their red blood cells, making their blood compatible with all other blood groups. Therefore, blood group O is often referred to as the universal donor.

Additional Information

• B: People with blood group B have the B antigen on their red blood cells and produce anti-A antibodies in their plasma.
• AB: People with blood group AB have both the A and B antigens on their red blood cells, making their blood type compatible with both type A and type B blood. Therefore, blood group AB is often referred to as the universal recipient.
• A: People with blood group A have the A antigen on their red blood cells and produce anti-B antibodies in their plasma.

The correct answer is A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4

Explanation:

Stroke Volume (SV): During a cardiac cycle, each ventricle pumps out approximately 70 mL of blood which is called the stroke volume. The volume of blood pumped by each ventricle per beat.

• Typical Value: Approximately 70 ml per beat for a healthy adult at rest.
• Factors Affecting SV: Preload (venous return), contractility (strength of ventricular contraction), and afterload (resistance the heart must overcome to eject blood).

Cardiac Output (CO): The stroke volume multiplied by the heart rate (no. of beats per min.) gives the cardiac output. Therefore, the cardiac output can be defined as the volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle per minute and averages 5000 mL or 5 litres in a healthy individual. The body has the ability to alter the stroke volume as well as the heart rate and thereby the cardiac output. For example, the cardiac output of an athlete will be much higher than that of an ordinary man.

• Formula: CO = SV × HR.
• Typical Value: Approximately 5 liters per minute for a healthy adult at rest.
• Significance: Reflects the efficiency of the heart’s pumping ability and is crucial for maintaining adequate perfusion to tissues.

Cardiac Cycle: The sequence of events that occur in the heart from the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next, including both systole and diastole of the atria and ventricles.

Phases:

• Atrial Systole: Atria contract, pushing blood into the ventricles.
• Ventricular Systole: Ventricles contract, pushing blood into the aorta and pulmonary artery.
• Diastole: Heart muscles relax, chambers fill with blood.
• Duration: Typically about 0.8 seconds in a healthy adult at rest.

Heart Rate (HR): The number of heartbeats per minute.

• Typical Resting Value: 60-100 beats per minute for a healthy adult.
• Influences: Can be affected by age, fitness level, stress, medication, and cardiovascular health.

The correct answer is A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I

Concept:

• ECG stands for electrocardiogram.
• It is used to study the electrical activity of the heart.
• ECG has three main components- P wave, QRS wave, and T wave.

Explanation:

A. The P wave represents the depolarization of the atria.

• The initial part of the P wave is responsible for right atrial depolarization and the later part is responsible for left atrial depolarization.
• Depolarization indicates the contraction of heart muscle

B. The QRS complex represents ventricular depolarization.

• It indicates the contraction of the ventricles.
• An abnormal QRS wave indicates myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, ventricular hypertrophy, etc.

C. T wave represents ventricular repolarization, which is when ventricles relax.

• A reduction in the size of the T wave indicates coronary ischemia.
• Coronary ischemia is when blood flow to heart muscles is restricted due to blockage in the coronary artery.

D. T-P gap - I. Heart muscles are electrically silent

• The T-P gap is the interval between the T wave and the next P wave during which the heart muscles are electrically silent, representing the heart's rest phase.

The correct answer is Sodium

Key Points 

• Blood pressure is a lifestyle disease in which the force of the blood against the artery walls is too high, It leads to even heart-related problems.
  • It is discovered that fruits especially citrus fruits have proven to lower BP as they are rich in various minerals and vitamins.
  • It is also found that vegetables such as spinach, broccoli, carrots, and low-fat dairy products such as cheese and yogurt lower the BP when consumed regularly over a period of time.
  • Foods rich in Omega 3 fatty acids like different kinds of fish are proven to lower BP.

Additional Information 

• The BP is measured using the instrument named Sphygmomanometer.
  • The most obvious reason for elevated levels of BP is eating high Sodium, carbohydrate and fat-rich products, red meat, eggs, deep fried, and spicy food.

The correct answer is AB+

Key Points 

• The AB+ blood group is considered the universal recipient because an individual with this blood type can receive blood from any other blood type- A, B, AB, and O.
• In the AB blood type, the red blood cells comprise both antigens A and B, but the plasma lacks both anti-A or anti-B antibodies.

Additional Information 

• There are four major blood groups:
  • A, B, O, and AB.
  • Blood groups are classified as blood, they are classified on the presence and absence of antibodies and other antigens on the surface of Red blood cells.
• People with O negative blood group are considered universal donors. Because the RBCs they contain do not have  A, B, or Rh antigens.
• The concept of Universal Donor and Recipient can be easily understood through this Image-

Important Points 

• Blood is composed of four components: White blood cells, Red blood cells, plasma, and platelets.
  • Red blood cells are red in colour due to the presence of Hemoglobin, which is an iron-containing protein.
  • When viruses or bacteria enter the blood, then White blood cells help in fighting infections.
  • Blood Plasma is a yellowish liquid component of blood that helps in the transportation of nutrients like minerals, protein, vitamins, sugars, and fats to all parts of the body.