Educational Policies MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Educational Policies - Download Free PDF

The National Council for Educational Research and Training (NCERT) published a document called the National Curriculum Framework (NCF). NCF 2005 has been translated into 22 languages and influenced the syllabi in 17 states.

According to NCF Role of Teacher is-

• The National Curriculum Framework 2005 of India expects a teacher to be a facilitator of children’s learning in a manner that helps children to construct knowledge. 
• A teacher also functions as a learner, counselor, manager, assessor, and innovator.
• The role of the teachers is considered to view learners as active participants in their learning and not as recipients of knowledge.

Guidelines of NCF 2005-

• The home language of the child should be the medium of learning in schools
• Ensuring that students do not just learn mechanically, without thinking
• Connecting knowledge to life outside the school
• Ensuring that learning is shifted away from rote methods
• Nurturing an overriding identity informed by caring concerns within the democratic polity of the country
• Multilingualism and flexibility
• Teacher as facilitator and supportive

Hence, it becomes clear that according to NCF, 2005, the role of a teacher has to be facilitative.

The National Council for Educational Research and Training (NCERT) published a document called the National Curriculum Framework (NCF). NCF 2005 has been translated into 22 languages and influenced the syllabi in 17 states.

According to NCF Role of Teacher is-

• The National Curriculum Framework 2005 of India expects a teacher to be a facilitator of children’s learning in a manner that helps children to construct knowledge. 
• A teacher also functions as a learner, counselor, manager, assessor, and innovator.
• The role of the teachers is considered to view learners as active participants in their learning and not as recipients of knowledge.

Guidelines of NCF 2005-

• The home language of the child should be the medium of learning in schools
• Ensuring that students do not just learn mechanically, without thinking
• Connecting knowledge to life outside the school
• Ensuring that learning is shifted away from rote methods
• Nurturing an overriding identity informed by caring concerns within the democratic polity of the country
• Multilingualism and flexibility
• Teacher as facilitator and supportive

Hence, it becomes clear that according to NCF, 2005, the role of a teacher has to be facilitative.

RTE Act stands for Right to Education act or Right of Children to free and compulsory education act, which was established by the Government of India on 4 August 2009.

Key Points

• Appropriate Government, Children from 6 to 14 years of age, and weaker sections, all are terminologies that are used in section 2 of the Right to Education act.
• Section 2 of the Right to Education act is defined children who belong to disadvantaged groups.
• Section 2 of RTE states that "A child belonging to scheduled Caste, the Scheduled Tribe, the socially and educationally backward class or such other group having a disadvantage owing to social, cultural, economical, geographical, linguistic, gender or such other fact, as may be specified by the appropriate Government by notification."
• Section 2(e) also states that "A child belonging to such parent or guardian whose annual income is lower than the minimum limit specified by the appropriate Government, by notification.
• Section 2 of RTE ensures that underprivileged children receive basic education.
• The act is for children from the age group 6 to 14 years.

Thus, it can be concluded all of the above are correct

Launched in 2014 by the HRD Minister of India, Smriti Irani, Padhe Bharat Badhe Bharat can be regarded as a countrywide program being implemented under the aegis of the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan.

• The main focus of this program is improving language development and to create an interest in mathematics.
• Padhe Bharat Badhe Bharat, a sub-program of the Sarva Siksha Abhiyan.
• Padhe Bharat Badhe Bharat also aims to make sure that schools across the country become better at providing quality education.
• The program looks to improve the reading and writing skills of children in classes I and II, along with their mathematics skills.
• It has normally been seen that kids who are unable to read during their early education tend to be bad in other subjects as well.

Therefore, Padhe Bharat Badhe Bharat is being implemented under the aegis of SSA to ensure quality education in classes I and II.

The Right Of Children To Free And Compulsory Education Act (RCFCE Act - 2009) is briefly known as the Right To Education Act (RTE - 2009). 

• Its main aim is to provide quality elementary education to all children.
• It enforces Education as a Fundamental Right (Article 21).​

Key Points

• RTE act aims to provide primary education to all children aged 6 to 14 years from class 1st to class 8th. 
• Non enrolled/drop-out children be admitted to an age-appropriate class after a period of Special Training.
• The number of working days at the primary level should be 200 days and at the upper primary level should be 220 days.
• No child shall be failed or be expelled from school up to class VIII (corresponds to the age group 6-14) under the no-detention policy.
• It emphasized banning corporal punishment, continuous and comprehensive evaluation, making schools and classrooms truly inclusive, and so on. 
• The role of a teacher to conduct the teaching-learning activities in such a way that it helps the child to be free of fear, trauma, and anxiety and helping the child to express views freely.
• The teacher should demonstrate gender equality in the classroom to remove the gender stereotypes among children and to provide equal opportunities to all irrespective of their gender.
  • The teacher shouldn't follow gender biases like Girls can perform well in dance, music, and arts while boys are generally good in science and mathematics.
• The teacher should follow a child-centered approach to meet the needs and learning goals of learners.
• When the child-centered approach is used in the teaching-learning process, then the child participation will automatically increase as they will take interest in learning.

So, it is clear that as per RTE-2009 recommendations, the number of working days at the primary level should be 200 days and at the upper primary level should be 220 days.

The National Education Policy 2020 proposed various reforms in school education as well as higher education including technical education that has to be adopted by all educational institutions.

Key Points The ECCE program needs to be determined by children’s developmental and contextual needs, providing for more need-based inputs and an enabling environment.

• Ensuring quality ECCE - early childhood care and education for all children between 3-6 years.
• It was believed that a common ‘curriculum’ would not be appropriate for all.
• It comprises details of the goals for different domains of development, i.e. physical, language, cognitive, socio-emotional, creative, and aesthetic appreciation, to be fostered to ensure holistic development of children under six years.​

Hence we can say that the full form of ECCE is Early Childhood Care and Education.

Additional Information Other reforms of NEP 2020 include -

• Equitable and inclusive education - Special emphasis is given to Socially and Economically Disadvantaged  Groups (SDGs).
• Ensuring Universal Access at All Levels of schooling from pre-primary school to Grade 12.
• New Curricular and Pedagogical Structure (5+3+3+4).
• Setting up of State School Standards Authority (SSSA).

The United Nations (UN) is an international organization founded in 1945 after the Second World War by 51 countries committed to maintaining international peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations, and promoting social progress, better living standards, and human rights.

Key Points

• WHO (World Health Organization) works worldwide to promote health, keep the world safe, and serve the vulnerable.
• Their goal is to ensure more universal health coverage, to protect a billion people from health emergencies, and provide a further billion people with better health and well-being.
• The WHO framework for performance measurement consists of three intrinsic goals of health systems: health, responsiveness, and fairness in financing.

Hence, the full form of WHO is the World Health Organization.

NEP 2020 states that ‘prior to the age of 5 every child will move to a “Preparatory Class” or “Balvatika” (that is before Class 1) which has an ECCE-qualified teacher’.

Key Points

•  The Balvatika programme is envisaged as a one-year programme before Grade 1 which is meant to prepare children with cognitive and linguistic Competencies that are prerequisites for learning to read, write and develop number sense through a play-based approach.
• NCERT has developed guidelines and processes for three years of preschool including the Balvatika.

Thus, it is concluded that a one-year programme before Grade 1 is the Balvatika programme.

Additional Information

•  Launched in 2021, NIPUN (National Initiative for Proficiency in Reading with Understanding and Numeracy) Bharat is the National Mission for attaining the goals of Foundational Literacy and Numeracy (FLN) in the country as directed by NEP 2020.
• Vidya Pravesh has been developed by NCERT for students entering Grade 1. It will be transacted over three months, with four hours a day devoted to familiarizing children with the school environment and providing experiences for maintaining their well-being

 DIKSHA (Digital Infrastructure for Knowledge Sharing) is a national platform for school education, an initiative of the National Council for Educational Research and Training (NCERT), under the Ministry of Education (MoE). It was launched in 2017 by the Honourable Vice President of India Shri M. Venkaiah Naidu. 

Key Points

• The Committee observed that a large proportion of the students currently enrolled in elementary school (over five crores) have not attained foundational literacy and numeracy (the ability to read and understand the basic text and carry out basic addition and subtraction).
•  It recommends that every student should attain foundational literacy and numeracy by grade three.  
• To achieve this goal, a National Mission on Foundational Literacy and Numeracy will be set up under the MHRD. 
• All state governments must prepare implementation plans to achieve these goals by 2025. 
• A national repository of high-quality resources on foundational literacy and numeracy will be made available on the government’s e-learning platform (DIKSHA). 
• DIKSHA has been adopted by almost all the States, Union Territories, and central autonomous bodies/boards including CBSE. 
• During the pandemic, the massive teacher’s professional development program NISHTHA 1.0 (National Initiatives for School Heads and Teacher’s Holistic Advancement) for Elementary grades was launched online through DIKSHA.

Thus, it is concluded that the national repository of high-quality resources on foundational literacy and numeracy will be  DIKSHA.

The National Education Policy 2020 proposed various reforms in school education as well as higher education including technical education that has to be adopted by all educational institutions.  It has replaced the 34-year-old national education policy formulated in 1986.

Key PointsNEP 2020 is based on 5 Pillars and these are- Access, Equity, Quality, Affordability, and Accountability.

• Access- all children, irrespective of caste, creed, location, or gender should have access to elementary education of comparable quality.
• Equity- offering individualized support to students.
• Quality- deliver Quality education to all the students.
• Affordability- Free and compulsory education for 3-18 years students.
• Accountability- It is the collection of policies and procedures used to hold schools and districts accountable for improving educational outcomes for all students and forcing and facilitating needed improvements

Hence, we conclude that the new education policy is based on 5 pillars.

FLN refers to FOUNDATIONAL LITERACY AND NUMERACY which is the highest priority of National Education Policy 2020. The National Education Policy 2020 states that “Our highest priority must be to achieve universal foundational literacy and numeracy (FLN) in primary school and beyond by 2025.

Key Points

The Education system aims to achieve Foundational Literacy and Numeracy by 2026-27, where, by Grade 3 every child can Read with Comprehension, Write, Basic Mathematical Operations, and Learn basic life skills.

• The program will be implemented in mission mode, with the use and strengthening of the existing mainstream structures.
• The Department of School Education and Literacy, Ministry of Education (MoE) will be the implementing agency at the national level and will be headed by a Mission Director.
• A National Book Promotion Policy will be launched for the achievement of foundational Literacy and Numeracy.
• The pre-existing knowledge of the language helps in building literacy skills in languages. The key components in Foundational Language and Literacy are Oral Language Development, deciphering written words, Reading Fluency, Reading Comprehension, and competencies of writing.
• Foundational Numeracy means the ability to reason and to apply simple numerical concepts in daily life problem-solving. The major aspects and components of early mathematics are Pre-number concepts, Numbers and operations on numbers, space, and spatial understanding and measurement skills.

Hence, we conclude that the National Book Promotion Policy was recommended by NEP 2020 for FLN achievement.

The Right to Education Act 2009 is an act which aims to provide free and compulsory education to all children between the age of 6 to 14 years in India under the Article 21A of the Indian Constitution. 

• As per RTE Act 2009 the pupil-teacher ratio is 30:1 means one teacher is employed for a total of 30 students in every primary school.
• If above 30 students are admitted then the pupil-teacher ration will be 60:2. So three teachers will be employed for above 60 students.

NOTE: Refer to the table for further information:

The Right to Education Act commonly known as RTE Act 2009 is an act that aims to provide free and compulsory education to all children between the age of 6 to 14 years in India under Article 21A of the Indian Constitution.

Key Points

• As per the RTE Act 2009, the pupil-teacher ratio is 30:1 means one teacher is employed for a total of 30 students in every primary school.

• From the above-mentioned information, it could be interpreted that the number of teachers to be placed in the schools would be '5 primary teachers + one head teacher.
• RTE 2009 prescribes that the number of teachers required for '121-200 students' in a primary school is '5 primary teachers + one head teacher.

NOTE: Refer to the table for further information:

Hence, it could be concluded that the number of teachers to be placed in a primary school with 151 students, should be '5 primary teachers + one head teacher.

Additional Information

Features of RTE Act:

• Prohibition of private tuition by teachers to equalize educational opportunities to all.

• 45 hours including preparation hours as the minimum number of working hours per week for the teacher.
• Reservation of  25% seats for children belonging to economically weaker sections in private schools.
• Not to deploy teachers in non-academic work except elections, population census, and disaster relief duties.
• Establishment of primary and upper primary school within the distance of 1km and 3kms respectively from the child's house.

National Education Policy 2020 is the first education policy of the 21st century and aims to address the many growing developmental imperatives of our country. This policy replaced the 34-year-old National Policy on Education (NPE),1986.

Key Points

Important Highlights of National Education Policy 2020: 

• New Policy aims for Universalization of Education from pre-school to secondary level with 100 % Gross Enrolment Ratio in school education by 2030.
• The current 10+2 system to be replaced by a new 5+3+3+4 curricular structure corresponding to ages 3-8, 8-11, 11-14, and 14-18 years respectively. The new system will have 12 years of schooling with three years of Anganwadi/ pre-schooling. 
• New Policy promotes Multilingualism in both schools and higher education as multilingual education stresses using a student's mother tongue, or native language, to teach students as it makes learning effective.
• Classrooms that use multicultural education use various strategies to help students learn in their native languages. The NEP, 2020 recommends regular, formative, and competency-based and focuses on ‘assessment for learning.

​Hence, we can conclude that National Education Policy 2020 recommends Multilingualism.

National Curriculum Framework (NCF), 2005 provides a guideline with which teachers and schools can choose and plan experiences that they think children should have. It seeks to reform the curriculum and to bring learning experiences in and outside the classroom.

 Key PointsAs per NCF, the role of a teacher are the following:

• The teacher is a facilitator, as his role is to create such an atmosphere of learning where the children can themselves realize their true potential and make meaning of the knowledge.
• A teacher is one who plays diverse roles like an innovator, action researcher, planner, manager, content provider, facilitator, co-creator, etc.
• To provide a safe space for children to express themselves, and simultaneously to build in certain forms of interactions.

Hence, from the above-mentioned points, we conclude that teacher is the facilitator.