Which part of brain is responsible for respiration?

The correct answer is Medulla oblongata

Concept:

• The brain can be divided into three parts the forebrain, the midbrain, and the hindbrain.
• The brain sends and receives chemical and electrical signals throughout the body.
• It controls the voluntary movements, and balance of the body, (functioning of vital involuntary organs lungs, heart, and kidneys).
• The forebrain consists of the cerebrum, thalamus, and hypothalamus.
• The hindbrain comprises the pons, cerebellum, and medulla.

Explanation:

• Medulla oblongata: The medulla oblongata is the lower part of the brainstem.
  • It plays a crucial role in regulating vital functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration.
  • The medulla contains centres which control respiration, cardiovascular reflexes and gastric secretions.
  • The medulla oblongata contains the respiratory centers (the dorsal respiratory group and the ventral respiratory group) that control the rate and depth of breathing by sending signals to the respiratory muscles.
• Pons: The pons is located above the medulla oblongata and also plays a role in respiration.
  • It contains the pneumotaxic center and the apneustic center, which help regulate the rhythm of breathing.
  • However, it is not the primary center for controlling respiration, making it an incorrect answer compared to the medulla oblongata.
• Cerebrum: The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and is responsible for higher brain functions such as thought, memory, and voluntary muscle movements.
• Gyri: Gyri are the ridges or folds on the surface of the cerebral cortex.
  • They increase the surface area of the brain and are involved in various functions depending on their location.
  • Gyri are not directly involved in the control of respiration, making this an incorrect answer.