Which of the following is an operational function that comes under pre planning?

Explanation:

Pre-Planning in Manufacturing Operations:

• Pre-planning in manufacturing operations involves identifying, analyzing, and preparing for all the necessary activities and requirements before the actual production process begins. It is a critical phase that ensures the smooth flow of operations, optimal resource utilization, and effective management of uncertainties.

Forecasting:

• Forecasting is the process of predicting future production requirements based on past data, market trends, and expected demand. It is a vital operational function that comes under pre-planning because it provides the foundation for all subsequent planning and decision-making activities. Accurate forecasting helps in determining the resources needed, scheduling production, and minimizing wastage.
• Forecasting involves analyzing historical data, considering external factors such as market demand, economic conditions, and seasonal variations, and using mathematical models or software tools to predict future requirements. This process enables manufacturers to anticipate challenges and prepare accordingly, ensuring that production meets demand efficiently.