In the post-Maurya period, _______ were men and women who did not own land.

The correct answer is Daas Karmkar.

Key Points

• The arrival of Greeks, Sakas, Parthians and Kushans led to the following developments in the post-Mauryan period:
• The Greeks, the Sakas, the Parthians and the Kushans ultimately lost their identity in India.
• They became completely Indianized in course of time. 
• Since most of them came as conquerors they were absorbed in Indian society as a warrior class, that is as the kshatriyas.
• Their placement in the brahmanical society was explained in a curious way.
• The law giver Manu stated that the Sakas and the Parthians were the kshatriyas who had fallen from then duties.
• In other words, they came to he considered as second-class kshatriyas. 
• In no other period of ancient Indian history were foreigners assimilated into Indian society on such a large scale as they were in post-Maurya times.
• The religious developments in post-Mauryan period are given as under:
• Some of the foreign rulers were converted to Vaishnavism (worship of Vishnu).
• The Greek ambassador called Heliodorus set up a pillar in honour of Vasudeva near Vidisa in Madhya Pradesh around the middle of the second century B.C.
• The famous Greek ruler Menander became a Buddhist.
• The Kushan rulers worshipped both Shiva and the Buddha, and the images of these two gods appeared on the Kushan coins.