Equalization process includes : 

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  1. maximum likelihood sequence estimation and equalization with filters 
  2. maximum likelihood sequence estimation 
  3. equalization with filters
  4. constant impulse response

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Option 1 : maximum likelihood sequence estimation and equalization with filters 
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The correct answer is maximum likelihood sequence estimation and equalization with filters.

key-point-image Key Points

  • The equalization process involves two major techniques: maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) and equalization with filters.
  • MLSE is a method used to estimate the transmitted sequence of symbols by finding the most likely sequence that could have been transmitted given the received signal.
  • Equalization with filters is used to combat the inter-symbol interference (ISI) that occurs during signal transmission over a communication channel.
  • Combining these techniques helps to significantly improve the accuracy and quality of the received signal.
  • By using filters, the system can adapt to varying channel conditions and mitigate the effects of noise and interference.

additional-information-image Additional Information

  • MLSE can be computationally intensive, but it provides optimal performance in terms of minimizing the error rate.
  • Common filtering techniques used in equalization include linear equalization, decision feedback equalization (DFE), and adaptive equalization.
  • Equalizers can be designed to work in the time domain or the frequency domain, depending on the application and system requirements.
  • Adaptive equalizers adjust their parameters in real-time to cope with changing channel conditions, ensuring robust performance.
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