Consider the following statements regarding function of adrenal medullary hormones:

A. It causes pupilary constriction
B. It is a hyperglycemic hormone
C. It causes piloerection
D. It increases strength of heart contraction
Choose the correct answer from the options given below: 

The correct answer is B, C, and D Only

Concept:

• The adrenal medulla is the inner part of the adrenal gland and plays a key role in the body's response to stress by secreting hormones such as adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine). These are commonly called as catecholamines.
• These hormones are referred to as "fight-or-flight" hormones because they prepare the body to respond to stressful or emergency situations.
• These hormones increase alertness, pupilary dilation, piloerection (raising of hairs), sweating etc.
• Both hormones increase the heartbeat, the strength of heart contraction and the rate of respiration.
• Catecholamines also stimulate the breakdown of glycogen resulting in an increased concentration of glucose in blood. In addition, they also stimulate the breakdown of lipids and proteins. 

Explanation:

• A. It causes pupillary constriction: This statement is incorrect. Adrenal medullary hormones cause pupillary dilation (mydriasis) to allow more light into the eyes and enhance vision during stressful situations. Pupillary constriction (miosis) is associated with the parasympathetic response, not the sympathetic response mediated by the adrenal medulla.
• B. It is a hyperglycemic hormone: Adrenal medullary hormones, particularly adrenaline, increase blood glucose levels by stimulating glycogenolysis (breakdown of glycogen into glucose) in the liver. This ensures that the body has an immediate supply of energy during stressful situations. Hence, this statement is correct.
• C. It causes piloerection: Piloerection, or the "goosebumps" phenomenon, is caused by the contraction of arrector pili muscles in response to adrenaline. This is part of the fight-or-flight response. Hence, this statement is correct.
• D. It increases the strength of heart contraction: Adrenaline and noradrenaline stimulate beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart, leading to increased heart rate and stronger heart contractions. This ensures better blood circulation during stress or emergency. Hence, this statement is correct.