When one species cause harm to another organism without any cost or benefits to itself

Question

Question

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AMRU HP BSc Nursing Admission Test 7 July 2024 Official Paper

Answer 1

Correct Answer: Amensalism

Rationale:

Amensalism is a type of biological interaction where one species causes harm to another organism without any cost or benefit to itself. This interaction is characterized by one organism being inhibited or destroyed while the other remains unaffected.
An example of amensalism is the release of antibiotics by certain fungi which inhibit the growth of nearby bacterial species. The fungi do not gain any direct benefit from this action, but the bacteria are harmed.

Explanation of Other Options:

Commensalism

Rationale: Commensalism is a type of interaction where one species benefits, and the other is neither helped nor harmed. An example is barnacles growing on a whale's skin; the barnacles benefit by being transported to nutrient-rich waters, while the whale remains unaffected.

Predation

Rationale: Predation is an interaction where one organism (the predator) hunts, kills, and eats another organism (the prey). This interaction benefits the predator while causing harm to the prey. An example is a lion hunting a zebra.

Mutualism

Rationale: Mutualism is a type of interaction where both species involved benefit from the relationship. An example is the relationship between bees and flowers; bees get nectar for food, and flowers get pollinated.

Conclusion:

Among the given options, amensalism is the correct type of interaction where one species harms another without any cost or benefit to itself. The other options describe different types of biological interactions with distinct characteristics and outcomes for the involved species.