Arrange chronologically the programmes/schemes for Education.

(A) Sarva Siksha Abhiyan (SSA)

(B) Operation Blackboard (OB)

(C) District Primary Education Programme (DPEP)

(D) Rashtriya Madhyamik Siksha Abhiyan (RMSA)

(E) Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

The correct answer is - Option 3: (B), (C), (A), (D), (E)

Key Points

• Operation Blackboard (OB)
  • Launched in 1987, it aimed to improve the quality of primary education in India.
  • Provided essential facilities like blackboards, furniture, and teaching aids in primary schools.
• District Primary Education Programme (DPEP)
  • Initiated in 1994, it focused on reducing disparities in primary education across districts.
  • Supported by the World Bank, it aimed to enhance access, retention, and quality of primary education.
• Sarva Siksha Abhiyan (SSA)
  • Launched in 2001, it was a flagship program for universalizing elementary education.
  • Aimed to bridge social, regional, and gender gaps with active community participation.
• Rashtriya Madhyamik Siksha Abhiyan (RMSA)
  • Started in 2009, it focused on enhancing access to secondary education and improving its quality.
  • Targeted to make secondary education available to all children aged 14-18 by 2017.
• Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan
  • Launched in 2018, it is an integrated scheme for school education extending from pre-school to class 12.
  • Aims to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education at all levels.

Additional Information

• Education Policy Reforms
  • The National Policy on Education (NPE) has been a key driver in the formulation of these schemes.
  • Periodic revisions of the NPE have aligned educational objectives with socio-economic needs.
• Right to Education Act
  • Implemented in 2009, it mandates free and compulsory education for children aged 6-14 years.
  • SSA was a significant program to achieve the goals set by this Act.
• International Support
  • Programs like DPEP and SSA received funding and technical support from international bodies like the World Bank and UNICEF.
  • Such collaborations aimed at global standards in education quality and access.