World History MCQ Quiz in தமிழ் - Objective Question with Answer for World History - இலவச PDF ஐப் பதிவிறக்கவும்

The correct answer is: 'Adam Smith'.

Key Points

• Adam Smith used the term "mercantilism" for the first time to criticize the economic system prevalent in Europe during the 16th to 18th centuries.
  • He discussed mercantilism in his seminal work, "The Wealth of Nations" (1776).
  • Smith argued that mercantilist policies, which emphasized accumulation of wealth through trade surpluses, were detrimental to economic growth and prosperity.

Incorrect Options

• Alexander Gray:
  • Alexander Gray was an economist known for his writings on the history of economic thought.
  • He did not coin the term "mercantilism," but he contributed to the understanding of the history and evolution of economic theories.
• William Petty:
  • William Petty was an English economist and a pioneer in the field of political economy and statistics.
  • He is known for his contributions to economic theory and his efforts to apply scientific methods to economic questions, but he did not use the term "mercantilism."
• Thomas Mun:
  • Thomas Mun was a prominent English mercantilist writer who advocated for mercantilist policies in his works.
  • He is known for his book "England's Treasure by Forraign Trade" (1664), but he did not use the term "mercantilism."

Hence, the correct answer is Adam Smith, while the other options are incorrect as they did not coin the term "mercantilism."

Additional Information

• Mercantilism:
  • Mercantilism is an economic theory and practice that advocates for a positive balance of trade to increase national wealth.
  • It emphasizes the role of the state in managing the economy and accumulating precious metals through trade surpluses.
  • Key policies include protectionism, colonial expansion, and state intervention in the economy.
• Adam Smith's Critique:
  • In "The Wealth of Nations," Adam Smith criticized mercantilist policies for restricting trade and stifling economic growth.
  • He argued for free markets and the "invisible hand" of competition, which he believed would lead to more efficient allocation of resources and overall economic prosperity.

The correct answer is: 'Treaty of Prague'.

Key Points

• The Treaty of Prague (1866) was instrumental in the annexation of Holstein and Schleswig to Prussia.
  • This treaty concluded the Austro-Prussian War, also known as the Seven Weeks' War, between the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia.
  • As a result of this treaty, Austria recognized the dissolution of the German Confederation and ceded control of Holstein and Schleswig to Prussia.
  • This move significantly strengthened Prussia's position in Northern Germany, paving the way for the unification of Germany under Prussian leadership.

Other Options

• Treaty of Paris (1856):
  • This treaty ended the Crimean War between the Russian Empire and an alliance of the Ottoman Empire, the British Empire, the Second French Empire, and the Kingdom of Sardinia.
  • It had no direct connection to the territorial changes involving Holstein and Schleswig.
• Treaty of Frankfurt (1871):
  • This treaty ended the Franco-Prussian War and led to the unification of Germany.
  • It involved the annexation of Alsace and Lorraine by the German Empire, not Holstein and Schleswig.
• Convention of Gastein (1865):
  • This agreement temporarily settled the disputes between Austria and Prussia over the administration of the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein.
  • However, it did not lead to their annexation by Prussia; it only set the stage for future conflicts leading to the Austro-Prussian War.

Additional Information

• Background of the Austro-Prussian War:
  • The rivalry between Austria and Prussia for dominance in the German Confederation was a key cause of the war.
  • The dispute over the administration of Schleswig and Holstein, which were jointly controlled by Austria and Prussia after the Second Schleswig War (1864), escalated tensions.
• Impact of the Treaty of Prague:
  • The Treaty of Prague marked a significant shift in the balance of power in Central Europe, leading to Prussian ascendancy.
  • It facilitated the eventual unification of Germany under Prussian leadership, which was formally realized in 1871.

The correct answer is: 'Unification of Germany'.

Key Points

• The Zollverein was a coalition of German states formed to manage tariffs and economic policies within their territories.
  • This customs union was established in 1834 under Prussian leadership and played a critical role in the economic unification of Germany.
  • It facilitated free trade among the member states and helped to standardize systems of weights, measures, and currencies.
• Economic unity paved the way for political unity in Germany.
  • The Zollverein helped to create a sense of economic interdependence and cooperation among the German states.
  • This economic unity was a significant factor in the eventual political unification of Germany under Prussian leadership, culminating in the formation of the German Empire in 1871.

Incorrect Options

• French Revolution:
  • The French Revolution occurred between 1789 and 1799 and was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France that had profound effects on French and global history.
• Unification of Italy:
  • The unification of Italy, also known as the Risorgimento, was the political and social movement that consolidated different states of the Italian Peninsula into the single state of the Kingdom of Italy in the 19th century.
• Industrial Revolution:
  • The Industrial Revolution, occurring from the 18th to the 19th centuries, was a period during which predominantly agrarian, rural societies in Europe and America became industrial and urban.

Hence, the Zollverein is closely associated with the Unification of Germany.

Additional Information

• Zollverein's Impact on German Unification:
  • The Zollverein's success in promoting economic unity among the German states made it easier for political leaders like Otto von Bismarck to advocate for and achieve political unity.
  • The economic advantages and shared interests among the states created a foundation upon which the German Empire was built.
• Bismarck's Role in German Unification:
  • Otto von Bismarck, the Prussian Chancellor, used diplomatic strategy and military power to achieve the unification of Germany.
  • He orchestrated wars with Denmark, Austria, and France to strengthen Prussian dominance and unify the German states under Prussian leadership.

The correct answer is: 'option 4'.

Key Points

• Incorrect Pair: Brienne (1772 - 73 AD)
  • This statement is incorrect.
  • Étienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne was actually the Finance Minister of France from 1787 to 1788.
  • The dates provided (1772 - 73 AD) do not align with his tenure.

Other Options

• Turgot (1774 - 76 AD)
  • This statement is correct.
  • Anne Robert Jacques Turgot was appointed as the Controller-General of Finances under King Louis XVI and served from 1774 to 1776.
  • He is known for attempting significant financial reforms in France, including efforts to reduce government expenditure and advocate for free trade.
• Necker (1776 - 81 AD)
  • This statement is correct.
  • Jacques Necker served as the Director-General of Finance from 1776 to 1781.
  • He is noted for his financial reforms, efforts to improve the state of French finances, and his famous report on the state of the royal finances (Compte rendu au Roi).
• Calonne (1783 - 87 AD)
  • This statement is correct.
  • Charles Alexandre de Calonne served as the Controller-General of Finances from 1783 to 1787.
  • He attempted to address France's financial crisis through reforms, including proposing a universal land tax, which led to significant opposition and his eventual dismissal.

Hence, option 4 is the incorrect pair, whereas options 1, 2, and 3 are correct.

Additional Information

• Financial Crisis in Pre-Revolutionary France:
  • The financial crisis in France during the late 18th century was a major factor leading up to the French Revolution.
  • Several finance ministers, including Turgot, Necker, and Calonne, attempted to reform the financial system to address the growing debt and deficit.
  • The resistance to these reforms from various societal segments, including the nobility and the clergy, exacerbated the financial instability.
• Role of Finance Ministers:
  • The role of finance ministers in pre-revolutionary France was crucial as they were responsible for managing the kingdom's finances and implementing fiscal policies.
  • They often faced significant challenges, including managing the state debt, financing wars, and attempting to reform the tax system.
  • The inability to effectively address these financial issues contributed to the broader social and political unrest leading to the French Revolution.

The correct answer is: '3 (D B C A)'

Key Points

• Plombières Agreement (1858)
  • The Plombières Agreement was a secret pact between the Prime Minister of Piedmont-Sardinia, Camillo di Cavour, and the French Emperor Napoleon III.
  • This agreement laid the groundwork for French support in the upcoming war against Austria, which controlled much of Northern Italy.
• Treaty of Villafranca (1859)
  • The Treaty of Villafranca was signed after the Austro-Sardinian War, where France and Piedmont-Sardinia fought against Austria.
  • Although it ended the conflict, the treaty was a setback for Italian unification as it allowed Austria to retain control of Venetia, while Lombardy was ceded to France and then transferred to Piedmont-Sardinia.
• Treaty of Zurich (1859)
  • Following the Treaty of Villafranca, the Treaty of Zurich formalized the arrangements agreed upon and officially ended the war between Austria and the Franco-Sardinian alliance.
  • This treaty confirmed the transfer of Lombardy to Piedmont-Sardinia.
• Battle of Sadowa (1866)
  • The Battle of Sadowa, also known as the Battle of Königgrätz, was a decisive battle in the Austro-Prussian War where Prussia defeated Austria.
  • This victory weakened Austria's influence in Italy and paved the way for the unification of Venetia with the Kingdom of Italy.

Additional Information

• Background to Italian Unification:
  • The movement for Italian unification, also known as the Risorgimento, sought to consolidate various states and territories on the Italian Peninsula into a single nation-state.
  • Key figures in this process included Giuseppe Mazzini, Giuseppe Garibaldi, Count Camillo di Cavour, and King Victor Emmanuel II.
• Role of Foreign Powers:
  • France played a crucial role, especially under Napoleon III, who supported Sardinia-Piedmont against Austria.
  • Prussia's victory over Austria in 1866 further facilitated the unification process by weakening Austria's hold in the region.

The correct answer is: 'September Testament'.

Key Points

• Martin Luther's translation of the Bible into German is known as the September Testament.
  • This statement is correct.
  • The September Testament refers to Luther's translation of the New Testament, which was first published in September 1522. This translation played a crucial role in making the scriptures accessible to a broader German-speaking audience and in promoting the Reformation.

Incorrect Options

• Old Testament
  • The Old Testament is the first section of the Christian Bible, based primarily upon the Hebrew Bible. It is not specific to Luther's translation work.
• New Testament
  • The New Testament is the second part of the Christian Bible, written originally in Greek. While Luther did translate the New Testament, the term "September Testament" specifically refers to his translation published in September 1522.
• On Monastic Vows
  • "On Monastic Vows" is a work by Martin Luther, but it is not related to his translation of the Bible. This work discusses Luther's views on monasticism and vows taken by monks and nuns.

Additional Information

• Martin Luther's Impact on Christianity:
  • Martin Luther was a seminal figure in the Protestant Reformation, challenging the practices and doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church.
  • His translation of the Bible into German democratized religious knowledge, allowing laypeople to read the scriptures in their own language for the first time, which was a significant departure from the Latin Vulgate used by the Catholic Church.
• The Reformation and Bible Translation:
  • The Reformation emphasized the importance of personal faith and direct access to the scriptures. Translating the Bible into vernacular languages was a key aspect of this movement.
  • Luther’s work inspired other translations and was instrumental in shaping the course of Western Christianity and the development of the German language.

The correct answer is: 'Father Gapon'.

Key Points

• Father Gapon led the workers' demonstration against Czar Nicholas II on 22nd January 1905.
  • This event is known as Bloody Sunday, a critical moment in Russian history.
  • Father Gapon, a Russian Orthodox priest, organized the peaceful march to present a petition to the Czar, advocating for workers' rights and better working conditions.
  • The demonstration turned tragic when the Imperial Guard opened fire on the unarmed crowd, resulting in numerous casualties and sparking widespread unrest.

Other Options

• Rodicheff
  • A Russian liberal politician and member of the Constitutional Democratic Party (Cadets).
  • He was an advocate for constitutional reforms and civil rights in Russia but did not lead the 1905 workers' demonstration.
• Guchkov
  • A prominent Russian politician and leader of the Octobrist Party.
  • He played a significant role in Russian politics during the early 20th century but was not directly involved in the events of Bloody Sunday.
• Milukov
  • A Russian historian and liberal politician, leader of the Constitutional Democratic Party (Cadets).
  • He was an influential figure in the Russian Duma and involved in political reform efforts but not in the 1905 demonstration against Czar Nicholas II.

Hence, Father Gapon is the correct answer, and the other options are not directly related to the leadership of the 1905 workers' demonstration.

Additional Information

• Bloody Sunday (1905):
  • Bloody Sunday was a crucial event in Russian history, marking the beginning of the 1905 Revolution.
  • The violent suppression of peaceful protesters by the Imperial Guard led to widespread outrage and strikes across Russia.
  • This event significantly weakened the authority of Czar Nicholas II and contributed to the growing revolutionary sentiment in the country.
• Father Gapon's Role:
  • Georgy Apollonovich Gapon (Father Gapon) was a charismatic priest who sought to improve the conditions of the working class through peaceful means.
  • His leadership in organizing the petition and march to the Winter Palace was intended to appeal directly to the Czar for reforms.
  • Despite his efforts, the brutal response from the authorities turned him into a symbol of resistance against the autocratic regime.

The correct answer is: '2) Manchurian crisis'.'

Key Points

• Lytton Commission was related to the Manchurian Crisis.
  • The Lytton Commission was appointed by the League of Nations in 1931 to investigate the causes of the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931.
  • The commission was led by Victor Bulwer-Lytton and concluded that Japan had acted unlawfully in its military aggression.
  • The findings of the Lytton Commission were significant in international relations, as they highlighted the limitations of the League of Nations in enforcing peace and deterring aggression.

Additional Information

• Vilna Dispute (Option 1):
  • This conflict occurred between Poland and Lithuania over the city of Vilna (now Vilnius) in the early 1920s.
  • The League of Nations was involved in mediating the dispute, but it was not related to the Lytton Commission.
• Corfu Dispute (Option 3):
  • This incident in 1923 involved Italy's occupation of the Greek island of Corfu following the murder of an Italian general.
  • The League of Nations intervened and resolved the dispute diplomatically, but this was unrelated to the Lytton Commission.
• Border Dispute between Greece and Bulgaria (Option 4):
  • This conflict occurred in 1925 when Greek troops invaded Bulgaria following border skirmishes.
  • The League of Nations intervened and called for a ceasefire and resolution of the conflict, but this was not associated with the Lytton Commission.

The correct answer is: 'D B A C'.

Key Points

• Acquisition of Rhodes and the Dodecanese Islands:
  • This event took place in 1923 when Italy, under Mussolini, solidified its control over these islands following the Treaty of Lausanne.
  • The islands were strategically important in the Mediterranean Sea and were previously controlled by the Ottoman Empire.
• Occupation of Fiume:
  • In 1924, Mussolini's Italy formally annexed the city of Fiume (now Rijeka, Croatia) after negotiations with the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes.
  • This was part of Mussolini's expansionist policies and aimed at increasing Italian influence in the Adriatic region.
• Rome Pact:
  • The Rome Pact, also known as the Rome Agreements, was signed in 1934 between Italy and Yugoslavia.
  • This pact aimed to improve relations between the two nations and included agreements on economic cooperation and mutual respect for borders.
• Rome-Berlin Axis:
  • In 1936, Mussolini's Italy formed an alliance with Nazi Germany, known as the Rome-Berlin Axis.
  • This alliance marked the beginning of a close relationship between the two fascist regimes and was a precursor to the military collaboration in World War II.

Incorrect Statements

• Option 'B C A D':
  • This sequence is incorrect because the events are not in the proper chronological order. Specifically, the Rome-Berlin Axis (1936) occurred after the Rome Pact (1934) and the Occupation of Fiume (1924).
• Option 'A D C B':
  • This sequence is incorrect as it places the Rome Pact (1934) before the Acquisition of Rhodes and the Dodecanese Islands (1923) and the Rome-Berlin Axis (1936) out of order.
• Option 'D B C A':
  • This sequence is incorrect because it places the Rome-Berlin Axis (1936) before the Rome Pact (1934) and the Occupation of Fiume (1924) in an incorrect order.

Hence, Statements in option 3 (D B A C) are in the correct chronological order.

Additional Information

• Mussolini's Expansionist Policies:
  • Mussolini's foreign policy was characterized by aggressive expansionism aimed at restoring the glory of the Roman Empire and increasing Italy's influence in Europe and Africa.
  • He sought to establish a "New Roman Empire" through military conquests and strategic alliances.
• Impact of the Rome-Berlin Axis:
  • The Rome-Berlin Axis solidified the relationship between Italy and Germany, leading to further military and political cooperation between the two fascist powers.
  • This alliance played a significant role in the lead-up to World War II and had a profound impact on the geopolitical landscape of Europe.

The correct answer is: 'Memal'.

Key Points

• The main territory of dispute between Poland and Lithuania was Memal.
  • This statement is correct.
  • Memal, also known as Klaipėda Region, was a region on the Baltic Sea which both Poland and Lithuania claimed after World War I.
  • The dispute was rooted in historical claims and the strategic importance of the port city of Klaipėda (Memal).
  • The region was governed by the League of Nations after the war until 1923 when it was annexed by Lithuania following the Klaipėda Revolt.
  • This dispute was resolved temporarily but created long-standing tension between the two nations.

Incorrect Options

• Albania
  • Albania is a country in Southeast Europe. It was not involved in territorial disputes with Poland or Lithuania.
• Aaland
  • The Aaland Islands are an autonomous, demilitarized region of Finland. There were disputes between Finland and Sweden over the islands, but not involving Poland or Lithuania.
• Mosul
  • Mosul is a city in northern Iraq. The dispute over Mosul was between Turkey and the United Kingdom, not involving Poland or Lithuania.

Hence, the correct answer is Memal, and other options like Albania, Aaland, and Mosul are incorrect.

Additional Information

• Background of Memal (Klaipėda Region) Dispute:
  • After World War I, the Treaty of Versailles placed the Memal region under the administration of the League of Nations.
  • Both Poland and Lithuania had historical and strategic interests in the region.
  • The region's population consisted of Germans, Lithuanians, and Poles, which complicated the situation.
• Resolution and Consequences:
  • The Klaipėda Revolt in 1923 led to the annexation of the region by Lithuania.
  • The League of Nations eventually recognized Lithuanian sovereignty over Klaipėda, but tensions with Poland persisted.
  • The dispute highlighted the fragile nature of post-war territorial arrangements in Eastern Europe.