Ancient History MCQ Quiz in தமிழ் - Objective Question with Answer for Ancient History - இலவச PDF ஐப் பதிவிறக்கவும்

The correct answer is: 'Navdatoli'.

Key Points

• Navdatoli is a significant archaeological site for the study of Chalcolithic 'Malwa Culture'.
  • This site is located on the banks of the Narmada River in Madhya Pradesh.
  • Navdatoli provides extensive evidence of Chalcolithic settlements, including various pottery styles, housing structures, and artefacts.
  • The findings at Navdatoli have helped researchers understand the lifestyle, economy, and cultural practices of the Malwa Culture during the Chalcolithic period.

Other Options

• Hathnora:
  • This site is located on the Narmada River in Madhya Pradesh, but it is more famous for its Pleistocene hominid fossils rather than Chalcolithic culture.
• Jorwe:
  • This site represents a different Chalcolithic culture known as the 'Jorwe Culture' in Maharashtra.
  • It is characterized by its distinctive pottery, settlement patterns, and subsistence practices.
• Ujjain:
  • Ujjain is an ancient city with a rich historical and cultural heritage, but it is not specifically known as a representative site for Chalcolithic 'Malwa Culture'.

Additional Information

• Chalcolithic Period:
  • The Chalcolithic period, also known as the Copper Age, marks the transition between the Neolithic and the Bronze Age.
  • This era is characterized by the use of copper tools along with stone tools.
• Malwa Culture:
  • The Malwa Culture is a significant Chalcolithic culture in central India, named after the Malwa region.
  • It is known for its distinctive painted pottery, agricultural practices, and settlement patterns.
  • Sites like Navdatoli have been instrumental in understanding the social and economic aspects of this culture.

The correct answer is: 'A - 2, B - 3, C - 4, D - 1'.

Key Points

• Rashtrakutas were associated with the Deccan region.
  • This statement is correct.
  • The Rashtrakutas ruled significant parts of the Deccan Plateau, primarily covering regions in modern-day Maharashtra and Karnataka.
  • They were known for their contributions to architecture, such as the Kailasa temple at Ellora.
• Pallavas were centered in South India.
  • This statement is correct.
  • The Pallavas primarily ruled the Tamil Nadu region in South India, with their capital at Kanchipuram.
  • They are notable for their contributions to South Indian art and architecture, particularly rock-cut temples and sculptures.
• Varmans were associated with Eastern India.
  • This statement is correct.
  • The Varman dynasty ruled in the eastern part of India, particularly in the region of present-day Assam.
  • They were the first historical rulers of Assam and helped establish a distinct regional identity in the area.
• Maitrakas ruled over Western India.
  • This statement is correct.
  • The Maitrakas ruled parts of western India, primarily in the Gujarat region, with their capital at Vallabhi.
  • They contributed to the development of regional culture and maintained connections with other contemporary dynasties.

Hence, Statements A - 2, B - 3, C - 4, and D - 1 are correct.

Additional Information

• Notable Contributions of Each Dynasty:
  • Rashtrakutas: Known for their patronage of art and architecture, particularly in creating rock-cut temples, they were also influential in trade and diplomacy.
  • Pallavas: Pioneers in Dravidian architecture, they initiated the construction of temples and monumental structures that shaped South Indian art.
  • Varmans: Early rulers in Assam, they helped consolidate the region and established a framework for later Assamese cultural identity.
  • Maitrakas: They were significant in maintaining regional stability in Gujarat and supported learning, literature, and religious institutions.
• Regional Influence:
  • Each dynasty played a crucial role in shaping the regional cultural, religious, and political landscapes, which contributed to the diversity within Indian history.
  • These dynasties often interacted through alliances, conflicts, and trade, influencing each other's territories and cultures.

The correct answer is: 'Agrahara.'

Key Points

• Agrahara refers to the land grants made to Brahmanas.
  • This type of land was typically given to Brahmanas as a part of royal patronage or religious merit.
  • Agrahara lands were exempted from paying land revenue and other taxes to the king, making them a highly privileged form of landholding.
  • The Brahmanas, in return, were expected to perform religious duties, educate the community, and conduct Vedic rituals.
• The significance of Agrahara grants:
  • Agrahara grants contributed to the spread of Brahmanical culture and education by establishing centers of learning.
  • These grants also helped in maintaining the socio-religious order, as Brahmanas were considered the custodians of dharma.

Other Options

• Agrabhag:
  • It refers to a share of agricultural produce or land but is not specifically linked to Brahmana land grants or tax exemptions.
• Agradaan:
  • This term loosely translates to "gift of land," but it is not specifically tied to the institutionalized practice of tax-free Brahmana grants.
• Bhumi-dan:
  • Bhumi-dan broadly means a donation of land but does not specifically imply the exemption from taxes or association with Brahmana grants.

Additional Information

• Features of Agrahara System:
  • Agrahara villages often became centers of learning where Brahmanas taught Vedic texts and conducted rituals.
  • These villages were self-sufficient, with the Brahmanas receiving support from the community and enjoying social privileges.
• Royal Patronage of Brahmanas:
  • Kings granted Agrahara lands to Brahmanas to legitimize their rule and seek divine blessings for their kingdom.
  • This practice was prominent during ancient and early medieval India under various dynasties such as the Guptas and Cholas.

The correct answer is - According to the Junagadh inscription, he himself assumed the title of "Mahakshatrapa".

Key Points

• Rudradaman I
  • Rudradaman I was a Saka ruler from the Western Kshatrapas dynasty.
  • He ruled during the 2nd century CE and is well-known for his achievements and inscriptions.
  • According to the Junagadh inscription, Rudradaman I took the title of "Mahakshatrapa", which means "Great Satrap".
  • The Junagadh inscription is one of the earliest known examples of classical Sanskrit prose.

Additional Information

• Western Kshatrapas
  • The Western Kshatrapas were a dynasty of Saka rulers who controlled western and central India.
  • They were contemporaries of the Satavahanas and often had conflicts with them.
  • Their rule is marked by the issuing of silver coins and inscriptions, particularly in the regions of Gujarat and Maharashtra.
• Junagadh Inscription
  • The Junagadh inscription is a significant historical record inscribed by Rudradaman I.
  • It is located on the Girnar rock near Junagadh in Gujarat.
  • This inscription details the repairs of a water reservoir called Sudarshana Lake, originally constructed by the Mauryan emperor Chandragupta.
• Satavahana Dynasty
  • The Satavahana dynasty ruled large parts of central and southern India between 2nd century BCE and 3rd century CE.
  • They were known for their maritime trade and contributions to art and architecture.
  • Their conflicts with the Western Kshatrapas were a significant aspect of their history.

The correct answer is - Only A is correct

Key Points

• Statement A: Chalcolithic people lived mainly in rural communities.
  • The Chalcolithic period, also known as the Copper Age, is characterized by the use of copper tools alongside stone tools.
  • During this period, people primarily lived in rural settlements and engaged in agriculture, animal husbandry, and small-scale trade.
  • These communities were generally small and centered around agricultural activities.
  • Archaeological evidence supports the existence of rural settlements during the Chalcolithic period in various regions.

Additional Information

• Statement B: Daimabad is the site of Kayatha Culture.
  • Daimabad is an archaeological site located in Maharashtra, India. It is known for its findings related to the Late Harappan culture and the Jorwe culture, not the Kayatha culture.
  • The Kayatha culture is an Ahar-Banas Chalcolithic culture found in the Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan.
  • Therefore, associating Daimabad with the Kayatha culture is incorrect.

The correct answer: 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d

Key Points

• Cholas - Uttaramerur Inscription (1-a)
  • The Uttaramerur inscription is one of the most famous and detailed Chola inscriptions, located in what is now Tamil Nadu.
  • It is notable for providing extensive information about the intricacies of Chola administrative practices, particularly local self-government and the functioning of village assemblies (sabhas).
  • This inscription dates back to the reign of Parantaka Chola I (907–950 CE) and highlights the efficient and well-organized administrative system of the Cholas.
• Pallavas - Kasakudi Plates (2-b)
  • The Kasakudi Plates are copper plate inscriptions attributed to the Pallava dynasty, specifically during the reign of Nandivarman II (730–795 CE).
  • These plates provide valuable information on the genealogy and achievements of the Pallava rulers, as well as their patronage of religious institutions and grants to Brahmins and temples.
  • The inscriptions also reflect the Pallava influence in the cultural and religious spheres of South India during their rule.
• Rashtrakutas - Sanjan Plates (3-c)
  • The Sanjan Plates, originating from the reign of Rashtrakuta ruler Amoghavarsha I (814–878 CE), are a significant source of Rashtrakuta history.
  • These plates, discovered in Gujarat, document land grants and contain information about the administration, military accomplishments, and the extensive cultural patronage of the Rashtrakutas.
• Western Chalukyas - Halmidi Inscription (4-d)
  • The Halmidi inscription, dated to around 450 CE, is the oldest known Kannada language inscription, attributed to the Western Chalukyas.
  • This stone inscription was found in Halmidi, Karnataka, and provides evidence of the early use of Kannada script and language in administrative and official records.
  • It is significant for understanding the evolution of Kannada as a language and the cultural aspects of the Western Chalukya administration.

Additional Information

• Chola Administration:
  • The Cholas are renowned for their highly organized administrative structure, which included efficient local governance through village assemblies.
  • Inscriptions like the Uttaramerur provide detailed accounts of the electoral processes and functions of these assemblies.
• Pallava Cultural Patronage:
  • The Pallavas were great patrons of architecture, as evidenced by their rock-cut temples and monuments in Mahabalipuram.
  • Inscriptional evidence, such as the Kasakudi Plates, attests to their contributions to art, culture, and religion.
• Rashtrakuta Empire:
  • The Rashtrakutas ruled a vast empire in the Deccan and are known for their contributions to literature, art, and architecture, including the construction of the magnificent Kailasa temple at Ellora.
  • Inscriptions like the Sanjan Plates provide information about their administrative and cultural achievements.
• Western Chalukya Language and Literature:
  • The Western Chalukyas made significant contributions to the Kannada language and literature, as evidenced by the Halmidi inscription.
  • Their period is marked by the flourishing of Kannada literature and the creation of some of the earliest known Kannada inscriptions.

The correct answer is - Grammar

Key Points

• Tolkappiyam
  • Tolkappiyam is one of the oldest surviving Tamil literature texts.
  • It is considered a comprehensive treatise on Tamil grammar and poetics.
  • The work is attributed to the author Tolkappiyar.
  • Tolkappiyam is divided into three parts: Ezhuttadikaram (orthography), Solladikaram (etymology), and Poruladikaram (prosody and semantics).
  • It provides detailed rules and examples covering phonology, morphology, syntax, and the semantics of the Tamil language.

Additional Information

• Medicine
  • The field of medicine in ancient Tamil literature includes works such as Siddha medicine texts, which are not related to Tolkappiyam.
• Astronomy
  • Astronomy in ancient Tamil literature is addressed in works like "Pancha Siddhantika" and other texts, but not in Tolkappiyam.
• Music
  • Music in Tamil literature is extensively covered in works like "Silappatikaram" and other Sangam texts, but Tolkappiyam focuses on language and grammar.

Correct answer:  A) 1) ,B) 2) ,C) 3) ,D) 4) 

Key Points

A) Pallavas:

• Rock-cut temples at Mahabalipuram: The Pallavas are renowned for their extraordinary contributions to rock-cut architecture, particularly the temples at Mahabalipuram (Mamallapuram). These structures, created during the 7th and 8th centuries, include the magnificent Shore Temple, which stands on the coast overlooking the Bay of Bengal, and the Pancha Rathas, each resembling a chariot ('rathas'). These temples are UNESCO World Heritage Sites and exhibit a perfect blend of Dravidian architecture and intricate carvings depicting various mythological narratives.
• Art and Culture: The Pallavas were great patrons of art, culture, and education. Under their reign, the Dravidian architectural style flourished. The temples at Mahabalipuram are prime examples of this and showcase outstanding sculptural work. They also contributed significantly to the development of script and literature in the Tamil and Sanskrit languages. The Pallavas' patronage extended to the promotion of classical dance forms and music, fostering a vibrant cultural milieu.

B) Gurjara-Pratiharas:

• Patronage of Jain temples: The Gurjara-Pratiharas empire, which spanned much of northern India from the 8th to the 11th centuries, is noted for its significant patronage of Jainism. This is manifested in the exquisite Jain temples they built, particularly in Gujarat and Rajasthan. Among the notable structures attributed to their patronage is the Dilwara Temples in Mount Abu, celebrated for their intricate marble carvings and spiritual ambiance.
• Architectural Influence: The Pratihara architectural style is characterized by grandiose temple structures with intricate carvings and ornate details. The influence of this architectural style is seen in the elaborate design of temple entrances (toranas), garbhagrihas (sanctums), and shikharas (spires). Additional contributions include their fortress constructions and city planning, which influenced regional architecture for centuries.

C) Maitrakas of Vallabhi:

• Buddhist learning centers in Gujarat: The Maitrakas of Vallabhi established their power in the region of modern-day Gujarat during the 5th to 8th centuries. Under their patronage, Vallabhi became a prominent center of Buddhist learning, rivaling the great universities of Nalanda and Vikramashila. This was a period during which numerous monasteries, stupas, and viharas (residential halls for monks) were constructed, attracting scholars from distant lands.
• Educational Advancement: Vallabhi University emerged as a major hub for both Buddhist and secular studies, inviting intellectuals and students from across the country. The curricula included a broad array of subjects such as logic (nyaya), grammar (vyakarana), medicine (ayurveda), and various forms of religious and philosophical studies. The Maitrakas' contributions to education and learning played a critical role in the preservation and transmission of Buddhist scriptures and the spread of Buddhist educational methodologies.

D) Kakatiyas:

• Fortifications and temple architecture at Warangal: The Kakatiya dynasty, ruling from the 12th to the 14th centuries in the Telangana region, is well-known for its impressive contributions to fortifications and temple architecture. The Warangal Fort, one of their most significant constructions, features massive stone gateways (keertistambhas) and an intricately designed foundation that reflects their advanced engineering skills. The fort's layout and its defensive structures highlight the martial prowess and strategic acumen of the Kakatiyas.
• Architectural Innovations: The Thousand Pillar Temple in Hanamkonda is another testament to their architectural mastery, with its intricately carved pillars, beautifully designed sculptures, and sophisticated layout. The Kakatiyas also constructed numerous tanks and lakes, showcasing their expertise in water management and contributing to agricultural prosperity. These infrastructural advancements had a lasting impact on the region's development.

The correct answer is 'A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4'

Key Points

• Palaeolithic (A-3):
  • The term "Palaeolithic" refers to the Old Stone Age, the earliest period of human history marked by the first use of stone tools.
  • This era spans from approximately 2.5 million years ago to around 10,000 BC.
  • It is characterized by the development of early human societies and the use of rudimentary chipped stone tools.
• Mesolithic (B-1):
  • The term "Mesolithic" refers to the Middle Stone Age, a transitional period between the Palaeolithic and Neolithic ages.
  • This period spans from around 10,000 BC to approximately 5,000 BC.
  • It is characterized by the development of small stone tools, known as microliths, and the beginnings of settled communities.
• Neolithic (C-2):
  • The term "Neolithic" refers to the New Stone Age, a period marked by the development of agriculture, pottery, and more advanced stone tools.
  • This era spans from around 5,000 BC to 2,000 BC.
  • It is characterized by the establishment of permanent settlements and the domestication of plants and animals.
• Microlith (D-4):
  • The term "Microlith" refers to small stone tools that were commonly used during the Mesolithic period.
  • These tools were often used as components in composite tools and weapons, such as arrows and spears.
  • Microliths represent an important technological advancement in prehistoric tool-making.

The correct answer is: 'a - iii, b - ii, c - iv, d - i'.

Key Points

• John Marshall - Head of the Department of Archaeology during the British rule.
  • This statement is correct.
  • John Marshall served as the Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India from 1902 to 1928.
  • He is credited with leading the excavations that led to the discovery of the Indus Valley Civilization, including sites such as Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro.
• Dr. Dayaram Sahani - Excavation work at Harappan.
  • This statement is correct.
  • Dr. Dayaram Sahani is known for his work in the excavation of Harappa in 1921.
  • His efforts were significant in bringing the ancient Harappan Civilization, part of the Indus Valley Civilization, to light.
• Rakhaldas Banerjee - Excavation work at Mohenjo-Daro.
  • This statement is correct.
  • Rakhaldas Banerjee discovered the site of Mohenjo-Daro in 1922.
  • His work was pivotal in excavating one of the most important sites of the Indus Valley Civilization, revealing advanced urban planning and architecture.
• F. W. Libby - Discovery of the carbon 14 method.
  • This statement is correct.
  • F. W. Libby, also known as Willard Libby, developed the carbon-14 dating method in the late 1940s.
  • This method revolutionized archaeology by allowing for the accurate dating of organic materials up to about 60,000 years old.

Additional Information

• Indus Valley Civilization:
  • The Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) was a Bronze Age civilization, extending from present-day northeast Afghanistan to Pakistan and northwest India.
  • Notable for its advanced urban planning, architecture, and social organization, some of its major sites include Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, and Lothal.
• John Marshall:
  • John Marshall's contributions include organizing and systematizing the archaeological discoveries in India, leading to a deeper understanding of the subcontinent's ancient history.
• Dr. Dayaram Sahani:
  • As a pioneering archaeologist, Sahani's excavation of Harappa was fundamental in establishing the significance of the Indus Valley Civilization.
• Rakhaldas Banerjee:
  • His discovery of Mohenjo-Daro unveiled a sophisticated urban center, providing evidence of a highly developed socio-economic system dating back to 2600 BCE.
• F. W. Libby:
  • Willard Libby's invention of the radiocarbon dating technique has enabled archaeologists and geologists to accurately date ancient organic materials, revolutionizing our understanding of historical chronologies.