Approaches to E-learning MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Approaches to E-learning - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is - Researchgate

Key Points

• Researchgate
  • ResearchGate is a professional network for scientists and researchers.
  • It allows users to access and share academic publications for free.
  • Users can upload their own research papers and access those uploaded by others, facilitating knowledge sharing.
  • It is a widely-used platform in the academic community for collaboration and access to research.

Additional Information

• JSTOR
  • JSTOR provides access to thousands of academic journals, books, and primary sources.
  • However, it is not completely free; access usually requires a subscription or is provided through educational institutions.
• PubMed
  • PubMed is a free resource developed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).
  • It provides access to a vast database of biomedical and life sciences literature.
  • While the abstracts are free, full-text articles may not always be freely accessible.
• Google Books
  • Google Books is a service from Google that searches the full text of books and magazines.
  • It provides access to a vast collection of digitized books, but not all content is freely available.
  • Full access to some books might require purchase or be restricted to previews.

The correct answer is 'Mobile learning'

Key Points

• Mobile learning:
  • Mobile learning (or m-learning) is an emerging trend in e-learning that leverages smartphones, tablets, and other mobile devices to provide educational content and experiences.
  • This approach allows learners to access educational materials anytime and anywhere, providing flexibility and convenience.
  • Mobile learning supports a variety of formats including videos, quizzes, interactive apps, and e-books, enhancing the learning experience.
  • It is particularly useful for microlearning, where learners consume small chunks of information in short periods, fitting into their busy schedules.

Additional Information

• Traditional classroom learning:
  • This approach involves face-to-face interaction between instructors and students in a physical classroom setting.
  • While effective, it lacks the flexibility and accessibility offered by e-learning methods, including mobile learning.
• Postal communication:
  • This method involves sending educational materials through the postal service.
  • It is outdated and inefficient compared to digital methods and does not support real-time interaction or instant feedback.
• Radio broadcasting:
  • Radio broadcasting can be used to deliver educational content to a wide audience.
  • However, it is a one-way communication method and does not provide interactive or personalized learning experiences.

The correct answer is 'Modular Object Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment'

Key Points

• Modular Object Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment:
  • MOODLE stands for Modular Object Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment.
  • It is an open-source Learning Management System (LMS) designed to provide educators, administrators, and learners with a single robust, secure, and integrated system to create personalized learning environments.
  • MOODLE is widely used in schools, universities, and workplaces to deliver online courses and facilitate learning and training.
  • Being open-source, it allows users to extend and customize the system to meet specific needs.

Additional Information

• Modular Object Oriented Digital Learning Environment:
  • This option is incorrect because MOODLE is not referred to as a Digital Learning Environment, but rather a Dynamic Learning Environment.
• MOOCs Oriented Digital Learning Environment:
  • This option is incorrect as MOODLE is not specifically oriented towards Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), although it can be used to create and manage MOOCs.
• Multiple Object Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment:
  • This option is incorrect because the term "Multiple" does not accurately describe the functionality and structure of MOODLE, which is modular and object-oriented.

The correct answer is 'Flipped teaching-learning, Blended teaching-learning, Edusat-based teaching-learning, and Video conferencing.'

Key Points

• ICT Integrated Strategy:
  • ICT (Information and Communication Technology) integrated strategies involve the use of digital tools and technologies to enhance teaching and learning processes.
  • These strategies aim to improve engagement, accessibility, and effectiveness of educational activities.
  • They encompass various methods and tools that leverage technology to provide a more interactive and flexible learning experience.

• Flipped teaching-learning:
  • In this approach, students are first exposed to new material outside of class, usually through video lectures.
  • Class time is then used for exercises, projects, or discussions, enhancing understanding through active learning.
• Blended teaching-learning:
  • This method combines online educational materials and opportunities for interaction online with traditional place-based classroom methods.
  • It requires the physical presence of both teacher and student, with some elements of student control over time, place, path, or pace.
• Edusat-based teaching-learning:
  • Edusat (Education Satellite) is a dedicated satellite for educational purposes launched by ISRO.
  • It provides satellite-based interactive classes and educational content to remote and rural areas.
• Video conferencing:
  • This technology enables real-time face-to-face communication over the internet.
  • It is used for virtual classrooms, remote guest lectures, and collaborative learning sessions.

Additional Information

• Collaborative teaching-learning Peer tutoring:
  • Although collaborative teaching and peer tutoring are effective educational strategies, they do not inherently rely on ICT integration.
  • These strategies focus on cooperative learning and peer-to-peer instruction, which can be enhanced by ICT tools but are not exclusively ICT-based.

The correct answer is 'Gaming'

Key Points

• SWAYAM (Study Webs of Active Learning for Young Aspiring Minds):
  • SWAYAM is an initiative by the Government of India designed to achieve the three cardinal principles of education policy, namely, access, equity, and quality.
  • The platform aims to bridge the digital divide for students who have hitherto remained untouched by the digital revolution and have not been able to join the mainstream of the knowledge economy.
  • SWAYAM offers courses from Class 9 till post-graduation, covering various subjects and fields of study.

Additional Information

• Components (Quadrants) of SWAYAM:
  • Videos: These are specially prepared to teach the course content. They serve as visual and auditory aids to enhance learning.
  • Assessment: This includes various types of assessments such as quizzes, assignments, and exams to evaluate the learner's understanding and performance.
  • Discussion Forum: This provides an interactive platform for learners to ask questions, discuss topics, and seek clarifications, facilitating a collaborative learning environment.
• Additional Points:
  • Gaming: While gaming can be an effective educational tool, it is not one of the official quadrants of SWAYAM. The platform focuses on more traditional and direct methods of education delivery.

MOODLE stands for "Modular Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment."

Important Points

MOODLE:

• Moodle stands for Modular Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment. 
• Moodle was designed to provide educators, administrators, and learners with an open, robust, secure, and free platform to create and deliver personalized learning environments.
• Moodle is a user-friendly Learning Management System (LMS) that supports learning and training needs for a wide range of institutions and organizations across the globe.
• Today, Moodle is the most widely used Learning Management System in the world, with well over 100,000 registered implementations worldwide supporting over 150 million learners.
• Moodle’s open source project is managed by a dedicated team at Moodle HQ with a head office in Perth, Australia, and satellite offices around the world.
• Moodle’s modular nature and inherent flexibility make it an ideal platform for both academic and enterprise-level applications of any size.
• Moodle is a learning platform designed to provide educators, administrators, and learners with a single robust, secure, and integrated system to create personalized learning environments. 
• Using Moodle, you can create classes, make attendance lists, deliver learning materials, give quizzes, send feedback, and much more. There is a huge amount of flexibility and reconfigurability within the platform.

Key Points

• Modular: flexible and customizable design
• Object-Oriented: structured and organized design
• Dynamic: constantly changing and adapting to meet the needs of users
• Learning Environment: a platform for creating and managing online education

MOODLE is an open-source LMS used for online education.

• Open-source: freely available and can be modified
• LMS: Learning Management System for course management and content delivery
• Online education: delivers and manages digital learning experiences.

MOODLE provides a range of features for online learning.

• Course management: organizing and delivering course content
• Content creation: creating and distributing educational materials
• Assessment: evaluating student learning
• Communication: facilitating interaction between students and instructors
• Collaboration: enabling group work and peer learning.

1) Distance learning: It is a method or a set of techniques for teaching and learning. It is a mode of education that refers to a transactional strategy of different methods. Teaching and learning is through multimedia instructional packages, e-learning, blended learning, etc.

2) Blended learning: Blended learning is a combination of online learning and a traditional classroom that contains some of the facilities of online courses with the presence of face-to-face communication.
3)Synchronous learning: This is real-time teaching and learning that can happen collaboratively and at the same time with a group of online learners or even individually, and usually a teacher, or some method of instant feedback; examples of synchronous learning are online teaching through video conference (two-way video, one-way video, two-way audio), audio conference (two-way audio) using satellite or telecommunication facilities.
4) Asynchronous learning: This is anytime, anywhere learning but not connected in real-time, for example, emails, SMS, MMS, surfing e-content on various digital platforms (SWAYAM, DIKSHA), listening to the radio, Facebook post, forums, podcasts, watching TV channels, wikis, and blogs, etc.

Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)

• IT includes all communication technologies, including the internet, wireless networks, cell phones, computers, software,video-conferencing, social networking, and other media applications and services.
• ICT is also the mode of education that uses information and communications technology to support, enhance, and optimize the delivery of information.
• Worldwide research has shown that ICT can lead to improved student learning and better teaching methods.
• ICT integration is defined as the use of ICT to introduce, reinforce, supplement and extend skills

When ITC is integrated into classrooms the following represent ICT integrated strategy:

• Flipped teaching-learning- It is an instructional strategy and is learning focused on student engagement and active learning, it also gives the teacher an opportunity to deal with mixed levels, student difficulties, and differentiated learning preferences during the in-class time.
• Blended teaching-learning- Blended learning is a method of education that combines online educational materials and opportunities for interaction online with traditional place-based classroom methods.​
• Edusat-based teaching-learning -It is a satellite fully dedicated to the cause of education. It can provide an audiovisual medium & interactive, multimedia facility. It has enhanced distance education
• Video con ferencing- Video conferencing involves using the web to connect a virtual classroom.

​Therefore, (a), (b), (c) and (d) is correct.

Programmed Instructional material :

• It is a technique of self-instruction, one can learn by himself or herself
• The instruction could be computer-assisted or printed format
• The main focus is to develop materials that maximize learning foster understanding and reinforcement to the learner.
• The subject matter is presented in three logical steps, 
  1. Preparatory phase
  2. Development phase
  3. Evaluation and revision phase
• The significant characteristics of Programmed Instructional material are
  • Active responding
  • Immediate feedback
  • Individual difference is taken care
  • Continuous evaluation
  • Immediate confirmation
  • Self-pacing
• According to Edger Dale, "Programmed learning is a systematic step by step self-instruction program aimed to ensure the learning of the stated behaviour."
• Hence, Statement I: Programmed Instructional material uses active responding and immediate feedback as important principles for learning is correct.

Skinner's reinforcement principle:

• In 1938, Skinner published, 'The Behaviour of Organisms'
• Also known as 'Operant conditioning theory'
• Learning results from events (termed 'reinforcements') which reduce psychological drives that active behaviour.
• It is called a single-track program, presented in a series of small steps.
• 

Therefore, Both statement I and statement II are true.

Linear Programming:

The founder of this programming is B.F. Skinner. It is based on the theory of operant conditioning. It tells that “A Certain direction can be given to human behaviour”, for this purpose activities is needed to divide into small parts and make their analysis.

Linear programming is based on five fundamental principles-

1. Principles of a small step.
2. Principle of Active responding.
3. Principle of immediate confirmation.
4. Principle of self-pacing.
5. Principle of student testing.

The assumption behind the linear programming is that student learns better if the content is presented in small units, student response if immediately confirmed, results in better learning, student’s error create hindrance in learning.

Kolb's learning styles are one of the best-known and widely used learning styles theories. Psychologist David Kolb first outlined his theory of learning styles in 1984.

Important Points

Functions of community colleges of USA

In the United States, community colleges (once commonly called junior colleges), are primarily two-year public institutions of tertiary education. Many community colleges also offer remedial education, GEDs, high school diplomas, technical degrees and certificates, and a limited number of 4-year degrees. After graduating from a community college, many students transfer to a university or liberal arts college to complete a bachelor's degree, while others enter the workforce. Community college tuition is free in several states to qualified individuals, through College Promise programs.

• Many factors contributed to the rapid growth of community colleges. Students, parents, and businessmen wanted nearby, low-cost schools to provide training for the growing white-collar labor force and for more advanced technical blue-collar jobs. 
• During the 1920s and 1930s, there was a shift in the purpose of community colleges to developing a workforce.  Developing "semiprofessionals" became the dominant national language to describe junior college students.
• The Three Missions of Community Colleges
  1. One is to help students transfer to a four-year university
  2. The second is to help for career education 
  3. The third is to help build foundational skills of students who need more help in their math or English.

​Conclusion:  From the discussion, it is clear that the main aim of the community college was to provide quality education to the poor and deprived. Hence, option (3) is correct.

Note: The mission of community college was to prepare students for higher education and the education should be free up to junior college. Hence meeting international quality by this is impossible.

• Art-integrated training for schoolteachers has begun at the Socio-Economic Unit Foundation centre at Kalavoor, Kerala.
• Forty teachers, selected from across the State, are participating in the camp being organised by the State Council of Educational Research and Training (SCERT) in association with the National Council of Educational Research and Training, (NCERT). 
• It is for the first time that such a camp is being conducted in Kerala. The training is envisaged to foster out-of-the-box thinking and to find multiple solutions to a single problem. It has been found that teaching methods encompassing arts help understand and internalise content in all areas of learning.
• The camp focuses on integrating different art forms with school subjects at the primary and upper primary levels. Such a process could demystify complex concepts and make learning an enjoyable task. The package highlights ways in which different subject areas could be taught more effectively through integration of art forms such as music, dance, theatre, drawing, painting, crafts, and design.
• The NCERT has underlined the need for specialised training camps to equip the teachers with necessary tools for adopting art in education, in tune with the concept of continuous and comprehensive evaluation (CCE) of students.

WBL

• Web-based learning refers to the type of learning that uses the Internet as an instructional delivery tool to carry out various learning activities.
• Web-based learning is often called online learning or e-learning because it includes online course content.
• Discussion forums via email, videoconferencing, and live lectures (video streaming) are all possible through the web.
• Web-based courses may also provide static pages such as printed course materials.

Therefore, WBL stands for Web-Based Learning

Distance mode of learning

• Distance education is a means to gain additional qualifications when needed.
• Distance learning is often termed as e-learning, web-based learning, online learning, correspondence, home-based learning, etc.
• It helps students to learn according to their own pace.
• On the basis of "time dependency" and "number of participants," it is divided into four categories as- MOOCs, SPOCs, SMOCs, and SSOCs.
• Currently, Open Universities, Radio, Television, and the Internet are considered the best sources of distance education.

Key Points

Teacher Education Through Distance Mode

• Virtual universities provide higher education through electronic media, particularly through the internet. It aims to educate the population who are unable to join a physical campus. In India IITs with IIMs have opened the first virtual tech university.
• Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), are online courses available for anyone having a computer and internet connection. It allows for unlimited participation.
• A smart class is an upgraded classroom that cultivates education by opening the door to digital teaching and learning methods for both teachers and students.
• GSAT-3, known as EDUSAT is meant for distant classroom education from school level to higher education. Its objective is to supplement curriculum-based learning, imparting teacher training programs, providing access to quality resource persons and new technologies resulting in taking in education to every nook and corner of India.

Important Points

Conclusion: since EDUSAT, MOOCs and Virtual Universities are providing education online or through other distant mode but MOOCs is an open online program for the unlimited number of participant. So, option (4) is correct.

Key Points

Blended learning:

Blended learning is an educational approach that combines traditional classroom instruction with online learning. This method allows students to learn at their own pace while still allowing for interaction and collaboration with instructors and peers in a traditional setting. The goal of blended learning is to create a personalized learning experience that meets the needs of individual students.

Online Learning:

Online learning is a mode of education that uses digital platforms and technology to deliver instructional content and facilitate student learning. It allows students to access course materials, participate in virtual discussions and assessments, and complete assignments from anywhere with an internet connection. This form of education offers flexibility and convenience for students who may not be able to attend traditional in-person classes, as well as opportunities for personalized learning and self-paced progress.

Wiki:

Wiki is a website that allows users to add, modify, or delete content collaboratively. The term "wiki" originated from the Hawaiian word "wiki" meaning "quick". The first wiki, WikiWikiWeb, was created in 1995. Today, wikis are used for various purposes, including building knowledge bases, creating communities, and collaborating on projects. Wikipedia is one of the most well-known wikis and serves as a free online encyclopedia with volunteer articles.

Offline learning:

Offline learning refers to the process of learning without an internet connection. It involves traditional educational methods such as attending lectures, reading books, and participating in classroom activities. This type of learning is focused on hands-on, face-to-face interaction with instructors and peers and often occurs in a physical classroom or learning environment. Offline learning aims to provide students with a more immersive, interactive educational experience that allows for direct engagement with course material and immediate instructor feedback.