Question
Download Solution PDFWhich non-essential amino acid is synthesised by the hydroxylation of phenylalanine in a reaction catalysed by phenylalanine hydroxylase?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFKey Points
- Tyrosine is the non-essential amino acid synthesized by the hydroxylation of phenylalanine.
- This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase.
- Phenylalanine hydroxylase converts phenylalanine to tyrosine by adding a hydroxyl group (-OH) to the phenyl ring of phenylalanine.
- Tyrosine is crucial for the synthesis of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine.
- It is also involved in the production of melanin, the pigment responsible for hair and skin color.
Additional Information
- Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic disorder caused by a deficiency in phenylalanine hydroxylase, leading to the buildup of phenylalanine and potential brain damage.
- A diet low in phenylalanine is necessary for individuals with PKU to prevent complications.
- Tyrosine is considered non-essential because the body can produce it from phenylalanine, although it is conditionally essential in individuals with PKU.
- Tyrosine supplements are sometimes used to enhance cognitive performance and reduce stress.
Last updated on May 28, 2025
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