Study the following statements and pick up the correct ones.

I) No energy expenditure takes place in diffusion.

II) In facilitated diffusion special proteins help to move substances across the membrane by utilising ATP.

III) In plants transport of materials over longer distances proceeds through the xylem and phloem and is called translocation.

IV) Facilitated diffusion is non specific for molecules to be transported.

Question

Question

This question was previously asked in

AP Police Constable (Prelims) Official Paper (Held On: 22 Jan 2023)

Answer 1

The correct answer is (I, III).

Key Points

Statement I: Diffusion does not require any energy expenditure because it is a passive process where molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration due to the concentration gradient.
Statement III: In plants, the transport of materials over longer distances occurs through vascular tissues (xylem and phloem), which is referred to as translocation. This process is essential for the distribution of water, nutrients, and food throughout the plant.
Both statements I and III are correct, making Option 3 the correct choice.

Additional Information

Statement II: Facilitated diffusion involves the movement of substances across a membrane with the help of specific transport proteins, but it does not require ATP. It is still a passive process, as substances move along the concentration gradient.
Statement IV: Facilitated diffusion is highly specific to the molecules being transported. The transport proteins involved are designed to recognize specific molecules or ions, ensuring selective transport.
Diffusion: Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration without the involvement of energy or specific transport proteins.
Translocation: The process of translocation in plants involves the movement of food (sugars), minerals, and water through xylem and phloem tissues. This is an active process that can occur over long distances.
Facilitated Diffusion: Facilitated diffusion is a passive transport mechanism that uses transport proteins to move molecules across the cell membrane. It does not require energy expenditure (ATP) and is specific to certain molecules.