In the design of tension members, the design strength due to yielding of gross section is given by _______.

Where

Ag = Gross area

fy = Yield stress

fu = Ultimate stress

Explanation:

The strength of the plate is the minimum of:

(a) Yielding of gross section (Tdg)

(b) Rupture of critical section (Tdn)

(c) The block shear strength (Tdb)

\({T_{dg}} = \frac{{{A_g}{f_y}}}{{{\gamma _{mo}}}}\)

Fy = yield stress of materials

Ag = Gross area of cross-section

γmo = partial safety factor for failure intention by yielding

\({T_{dn}} = \frac{{0.9\;{A_n}{f_u}}}{{{\gamma _{m1}}}}\)

γm1 = partial safety factor for failure at ultimate stress

An = net effective area of the member

\({T_{db}} = \frac{{{A_{vg}}{f_y}}}{{\sqrt 3 \;{\gamma _{mo}}}} + \frac{{0.9\;{A_{tn}}{f_u}}}{{{\gamma _{m1}}}}\)

                Or

\({T_{db}} = \frac{{0.9{A_{vn}}{f_u}}}{{\sqrt 3 \;{\gamma _{m1}}}} + \frac{{\;{A_{tg}}{f_y}}}{{{\gamma _{mo}}}}\)

Avg, Avn = minimum gross and net area in shear along a bolt line parallel to external force

Atg, Atn = minimum gross and the net area in tension from the bolt hole to the toe of the angle, and the bolt line perpendicular to the line of force

Fu, Fy = ultimate and yield stress of the material respectively.