Subject Classification MCQ Quiz in తెలుగు - Objective Question with Answer for Subject Classification - ముఫ్త్ [PDF] డౌన్‌లోడ్ కరెన్

The Correct answer is Machine Maintenance and Retrieval.

Key Points

• The word `thesaurus' comes from the Greek term `thesauros' meaning a storehouse or treasury of words.
• The Oxford English Dictionary defines "thesaurus" as an archaeological term "a treasury of temple, etc." and quotes its use in 1736 as a treasury or storehouse of knowledge.
• The dictionary defines it as "a book of words or information about a particular field or a set of concepts, especially a dictionary of synonyms". 

Types of Thesauri:

• Based on the nature of terminology control, there are mainly two types of thesauri: 
  • controlled thesauri which allow only one term (preferred term) to denote a concept for indexing and searching; and 
  • free language thesauri, which allows use of all terms to denote a concept to be used for indexing and searching. 
• The controlled thesauri can be maintained manually but free language thesauri require machine maintenance and retrieval. 

​A thesaurus serves several key functions within the realm of information organization:

• Standardizing Vocabulary
• Demonstrating Semantic Relationships
• Assisting in Term Selection
•  Offering Hierarchical Display
• Enhancing Retrieval Speed
• Mapping Subject Fields

The Correct answer is ​A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3.

Key Points

• The following are general guidelines providing different punctuation marks for different types of headings: 
• Comma: A comma is used: 
  • ​to separate parallel terms in headings, e.g. Hotels, Travels, etc. 
  • to separate nouns from the qualifier in an inverted heading, e.g. Maps, Statistical. 
  • to separate the surname from the forename of a person, e.g. Freud, Sigmund, 1856-1939.
• Dash: A dash is used to designate a subdivision, e.g. Great Britain - History - Norman Period, 1066-1154 
• Hyphen: A hyphen is used to indicate years of open date in addition to its normal use in compound words, e.g.
  • `English language - Grammar - 1870-1949
  • English language - Grammar - 1950- 
• Parentheses: (Round brackets) are used to enclose a qualifier or a set of qualifiers, e.g. Pool (Game)
  • Wall Street (New York, N.Y.) enclose spelled-out forenames in personal headings,
  • e.g. Eliot, T.S. (Thomas Stearns), 1888-1965 
• Square Brackets are used to indicate multiple headings and multiple subdivisions,
  • e.g. Authors, American, [English, French, etc.]
  • British control - Religious aspects - Buddhism [Christianity, etc.]
  • They are used in subject entries to indicate LC class number for a heading, e.g. Agriculture machinery [S 671-S 760.5] 
• Period : (Full Stop) is used as an abbreviation mark, e.g. Smith, J.J.

Additional Information 

LCSH:

• The Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) comprises a thesaurus of  subject headings.
• It is maintained by the United States Library of Congress.
• It was first published in 1898.
• It is a controlled vocabulary used in bibliographic records.
• It has over 270,000 usable headings and over 490,000 headings that are used for cross-referencing.
• LCSH is used in cataloging.

The Correct answer is 4.

Key Points

• Free-floating subdivisions are versatile tools used in subject indexing, offering flexibility and efficiency in categorizing information.
• These subdivisions are categorized into four types: those of general application, those under specific headings, those controlled by pattern headings, and those indicated by "multiples."

Subdivisions of General Application:

• These subdivisions are broadly applicable and listed separately in resources like the "Subject Cataloging Manual: Subject Headings" by the Library of Congress.
• Examples include "Abstracts," "Cost-effectiveness," "Lighting," and "Software."
• Each subdivision comes with instructions specifying the types of headings it can be applied to.

Subdivisions under Specific Headings:

• These subdivisions are tailored for use with specific categories of main headings, such as classes of persons, ethnic groups, corporate bodies, and geographic locations.
• Examples include "Actors - Political Activities" and "American Library Association - Employment."

Subdivisions Controlled by Pattern Headings:

• Certain common form or topical subdivisions are grouped under a chosen heading within a specific subject field.
• This chosen heading, known as a "pattern heading," serves as a reference for applying the subdivisions to other headings in the same category.
• For instance, under "English language," the pattern heading for languages, the subdivision "Pronoun" is listed.
• This allows for flexibility in combining subdivisions with different headings within the same category.

Subdivisions Indicated by "Multiples":

• Some subjects suggest "multiple subdivisions," providing examples of analogous subdivisions that can be used without prior authorization.
• For example, "Birth control - Religious aspects" may include subdivisions for various religions like Christianity, Buddhism, etc.
• This format allows indexers to efficiently categorize related subjects without needing explicit authorization for each combination.

The Correct answer is A, B, C

Key Points

• Knowledge Organization Systems (KOS) encompass various methods for structuring and managing information, facilitating knowledge management across libraries, museums, and archives.
• They include classification schemes, subject headings, and authority files, as well as newer approaches like semantic networks and ontologies.
• These systems are essential for organizing materials, aiding in retrieval, and managing collections effectively.
• They act as a bridge between users and information, enabling users to discover relevant content even without prior knowledge of its existence.
• In digital libraries, KOS plays a crucial role, providing an overview of the collection and supporting retrieval, whether through traditional schemes or customized ones tailored to the library's scope and audience.
• The choice of KOS is pivotal in digital library development, ensuring applicability to included resources and meaningfulness to users.

KOSs can be used to:

•  Provide alternate subject access: KOSs, such as subject headings and classification schemes, offer alternative ways for users to access information beyond just keywords, enhancing subject access
• Add modes of understanding to digital resources: KOSs help users better understand the content of digital resources by providing context, structure, and relationships between concepts, enhancing comprehension.
• Support multilingual access: KOSs can include translations of terms and concepts, enabling users to access information in multiple languages, thus supporting multilingual access.

The Correct answer is A controlled vocabulary to supplement LCSH for the demographic group of the creator of a work, and/or the demographic group of the intended audience.

Key Points

• The Library of Congress Demographic Group Terms (LCDGT) is a controlled vocabulary developed by LC to complement LCSH.
• It focuses on identifying the demographic group of the creator and/or the intended audience of a work.
• The purpose is to aid users in targeted searches for works by particular creator types (e.g., African American Women, Writers) or those intended for specific audiences (Boys, Portuguese speaking).
• LC defines a demographic group as a subset of the general population, encompassing factors such as age, gender, occupation, nationality, ethnic background, sexual orientation, etc.
• While demographic descriptors have long been part of LCSH as subdivisions, they have been used for various purposes, including indicating the creator's demographic background (Nurse’s writings), the intended audience (Emotions — Juvenile literature), and the content of the resources (Women Fascists), confusing.
• LCDGT includes terms related to various demographic categories, such as age, ethnicity, language, education level, and disability.
• The Demographic Group Terms Manual provides guidelines for using LCDGT correctly.
• Examples of LCDGT Categories:
  • Age Category: Describes the age group associated with a resource.
  • Educational Level Category: Indicates the educational background relevant to the resource.
  • Ethnic/Cultural Category: Specifies the cultural or ethnic context.
  • Language Category: Relates to the language used in the resource.
  • Medical, Psychological, and Disability Category: Pertains to health-related aspects.ETC

The Correct answer is the First edition was published in 1891.

Key Points

• The Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) comprises a thesaurus of subject headings.
• The United States Library of Congress maintains it.
• It was first published in 1898.
• It is a controlled vocabulary used in bibliographic records.
• It has over 270,000 usable headings and over 490,000 headings that are used for cross-referencing.
• LCSH is used in cataloging.

The Correct answer is Enumerative

Key Points

• The Sears List of Subject Headings (popularly known as the Sears List) serves as a valuable tool for assigning standardized subject headings to various types of documents in small and medium-sized libraries.
• Sears List of Subject Headings is Enumerative in nature as it provides a predefined list of subject headings, often organized in a hierarchical structure, allowing librarians to select appropriate headings from the list for cataloging various resources in a library collection. 
• Origins and Updates:
  • Sears List of Subject Headings (SLSH) was first designed in 1923 by Minnie Earl Sears and published as its first edition in 1923 under the title "List of Subject Headings for Small Libraries" based on the headings used by nine small libraries of the USA.
  • The fifteenth edition (1994) edited by Joseph Miller included for the first time the standard abbreviations of  BT, NT, RT, SA, and UF
  • The sixth edition was published in 1950 with the changed title as Sears List of Subject Headings The phrase for Small Libraries‖ was deleted from the title.
  • In the second edition (1926) she added See also references.
  • Isabel Stevenson Monro edited the fourth (1939) and fifth (1944) editions
  • The sixth (1950), seventh (1954), and eighth (1959) editions were prepared by Bertha M. Frick.
  • The thirteenth edition (1986) was prepared by Carmen Rovira and Caroline Reyes.
• ​Characteristics:
  • ​The Sears List is simpler and broader than the more detailed Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH).
  • Instead of scientific terminology, it uses vernacular terms, making it accessible to a wider audience.
  • The list provides patterns and examples for creating new headings as required.

Additional Information

•  FAST (Faceted Application of Subject Terminology):
  • ​FAST (Faceted Application of Subject Terminology) is derived from the Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH),
  • The development of FAST has been a collaboration of OCLC Research and the Library of Congress.
  • Work on FAST began in late 1998.
  • The individual terms in the FAST vocabulary are divided into nine distinct categories or facets: Personal names, Corporate names, Meeting names, Geographic names, Events, Titles, Periods, Topics, and Form/Genre.
  • The FAST Quick Start Guide was prepared by the FAST Policy and Outreach Committee in 2022.
• ​Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):
  • ​The Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) is a compilation of subject cataloging and indexing terms created at the Library of Congress.
  • It has been in publication since 1898, with the printed version, known as the Red Books, being issued on an annual basis.
  • The fifth edition of the Red Books was released in 1948.

The Correct answer is Controlled Vocabulary.

Key Points

• The Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):
  • ​The Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) is an extensive thesaurus of subject headings maintained by the United States Library of Congress.
  • The first edition of the Library of Congress list, called Subject Headings Used in the Dictionary Catalogues of the Library of Congress, was printed in parts between 1909 and 1914.
  • Supplementary lists were issued as required, followed by a second edition in 1919. Later editions were published at irregular intervals.
  • It serves as a controlled vocabulary in bibliographic records, encompassing more than 270,000 usable headings and over 490,000 headings utilized for cross-referencing.
  • LCSH finds extensive application in cataloging.
  • The Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) is organized into three main categories:
    • topical headings,
    • form/genre headings, and
    • name headings.​​
  • The printed Library of Congress Subject Headings (Red Books) is being published annually.
  • The 5th edition was published in 1948.
  • In 1957 the 6th edition of LCSH was published with three columns of subject headings per page, a format that would remain constant through to 1999.
  • The 34th edition of LCSH in 6 volumes published in 2012 is indispensable.
  • The latest edition of LCSH is the 44th edition and was published in 2022.​

Additional Information

• Sears List Of Subject Heading:
  • ​The Sears List of Subject Headings (SLSH), initially created by Minnie Earl Sears in 1923, was first published as the "List of subject headings for Small Libraries."
  • This publication has become the standard thesaurus of subject terminology for small and medium-sized libraries, offering a more simplified alternative to the Library of Congress Subject Headings.

The correct answer is ​A-4,B-3,C-2,D-1:

Key Points

• THE FORMS OF SUBJECT HEADINGS:
  • Single Nouns
    • A single noun is the ideal type of subject heading when the language supplies it. Such terms are not only the simplest in form but often the easiest to comprehend. A choice must be made between the singular and plural forms of a noun.
    • Examples: Biology, Editing, and Children. etc
  • ​Compound Headings:
    • Subject headings that consist of two nouns joined by “and” are of several types. Some headings link two things because together they form a single concept or topic, such as
      • Bow and arrow or Good and evil;
      • Cities and towns or Rugs and carpets. 
  • ​​​Adjectives with Nouns
    • Often a specific concept is best expressed by a noun with an adjective, such as Unemployment insurance or Buddhist art.
  • ​Phrase Headings
    • ​Some concepts that involve two or more elements can be expressed only by more or less complex phrases.
    • These are the least satisfactory headings, as they offer the greatest variation in wording, and are often the longest.
    • Examples are Insects as carriers of disease and Violence in popular culture.

The correct answer is 2007:

Key Points

• MeSH:
  • ​Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a comprehensive controlled vocabulary for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences.
  •  it is created and updated by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM).
  • MeSH was introduced in the 1960s The yearly printed version of MeSH was discontinued in 2007. MeSH is now available only online
  • MeSH vocabulary is divided into four types of terms.
    • ​Headings" (also known as MeSH headings or descriptors
    • Subheadings or qualifiers
    • Publication types
    • Supplementary concept records (SCR)

Additional Information

• Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) is a list of the headings for subject cataloging and indexing established at the Library of Congress which has been publishing since 1898.
• Sears List of Subject Headings (SLSH) was first designed in 1923 by Minnie Earl Sears and published as its first edition in 1923 with the title of  List of Subject Headings for Small Libraries‘ based on the headings used by nine small libraries of the USA.