Fundamentals of Project Management MCQ Quiz in मराठी - Objective Question with Answer for Fundamentals of Project Management - मोफत PDF डाउनलोड करा

Concept:

• Budgeting is an operational plan, for a definite period usually a year.
• It is expressed in terms of financial terms and based on the expected income & expenditure.
• Purpose of it to enhance fiscal planning & decision making  & to control cost areas.
• Budgeting should be flexible and based on past, present & future synthesis.

Explanation:

• In budgeting source of income is known as revenue.
• A budget is an estimation of  ( income) revenue and expenses over a specific future period of time and is usually compiled and re-evaluated on a periodic basis.

 Additional Information

• Importance of Budgeting:

1. Required for future course of action planning.
2. To control over all activities in the organization.
3. Facilitates coordination of various departments and sectors.
4. To control cost and making decisions when necessary.

Concept:

• An  organization is a collection of people working together in a coordinated and structured manner to achieve one or more goals.
• Types of organization: Formal organization, Informal organization.
• Organization improve productivity at work & strengthen  relationship between supervisor & employees.
• It also reduce stress at work.

Explanation:

• The group effort required to achieve a common organizational goal is known as Coordination.
• Coordination is the function of management to ensure smooth functioning among the supervisor& worker.
• Coordination means working together in synchronization to accomplish the goals.

Additional Information

• Supervision means overseeing & guiding  worker to accomplish the goals.
• Direction is an component of management that deals directly with influencing, guiding, supervising, and motivating staff for the achievement of organizational goals.

Explanation:

Project audit

• The project audit is the means to provide that assurance and enables the sponsor to have confidence that the governance is working and that the project is being managed as intended.
• There is currently a considerable amount of information relating to the assurance of projects and programs, and why it is important.
• This guide seeks to demonstrate how to plan and undertake a comprehensive audit of a project, thereby providing that assurance.
• The guide seeks to explain the role of an audit, how it could be planned and undertaken, the degrees of assurance that can be given, and how project audits can be aligned to organizational governance.
• Although the guide acknowledges the need for project audits to be integrated with the works of other assurance providers (particularly technical and quality audits) a project audit is a stand-alone process aimed at the three main roles involved in a project.
• The three main roles involved in project audits are:
  1. Organisation board/audit committee/ sponsor/other stakeholders = Those who schedule the project audit and receive the audit findings
  2. Project team = Those whose project is being audited, with whom the auditors interact
  3. Project auditor(s) = Those who undertake the audit, and report its findings and make recommendations

Principles of project audit

• A Guide to Integrated Assurance identifies the principles governing project audits, which are those established for the provision of assurance generally.
• Project audit should be:
  1. independent, and supported in this by the organization board;
  2. accountable within a governance and reporting system;
  3. planned and coordinated as part of the organization’s management system;
  4. proportionate to risk potential and the assurance needs of stakeholders;
  5. risk-based, against an independent risk evaluation;
  6. able to allow the impact of identified weaknesses to be reported and addressed, by follow-up and escalation.

Explanation:

• Accreditation means an official approval of an organization.
• It is a act of granting approval to an organization by an official review board,  after the organization has met specific written requirements or standards.
• Purpose: To maintain uniform standards of nursing education
• To safeguard  the institution from social, educational & political pressure.
• To meet administrative requirements.
• For institutional self improvement by inspection & evaluation.

Additional Information

• Function of Accreditation:
• To protect the autonomy of health services program.
• To preserve the quality of nursing education.
• To protect the public from ill prepared nurses.
• To ensure the quality services given by organization.

Concept:

• Quality Assurance: It is an on going, systematic comprehensive evaluation of health care services & impact of those services on health care practices.
• Its main purpose is to ensure delivery of quality care to client.
• To evaluate achievement of nursing care.
• To maintain code of ethics for nurses in India.

Explanation:

• The best measure to determine quality care is being delivered in hospital is Quality Indicator.
• Quality Indicators are standardized, evidence-based measures of healthcare quality that can be used to evaluate inpatient administrative data & to measure or track clinical performance and outcomes (goals).
• Quality indicator mainly focus on effectiveness, safety, time & patient centeredness.

Additional Information

• Nursing Audit: 
• It is an evaluation of patient care through analysis of written records maintained by nurses in patient treatment profile.
• Purpose: To improve quality of health care.
• Promote communication among nurses & other health team members.
• Advantage: A patient is assured of good services.

Concept:

• Leadership is one of the most important function of management.
• Leadership involves directing, influencing & motivating employees to perform.
• Leadership  an ability is the sense that he is a leader because he leads.

Explanation:

• Democratic Leadership styles: It is also called participative leadership & shared leadership.
• A leadership style where a leader encourage employee participation in decision making.
• this style help in making good decision, increase employee motivation.
• This style focus on group equality & free flow of ideas.
• In this style leader offer guidance & support to subordinate & maintain communication among each other
• It improve job satisfaction & morale among the subordinates.
• Disadvantage: Delayed decision.

Additional Information

•  Laissez - fair leadership styles:   A leadership style where employees are encouraged to make their own decision.
• Characteristics :  more freedom for employees.
• positive effect on job satisfaction & morale of subordinates.
• Maximum scope for development of subordinates
• Full utilization of potential of subordinates.
• Disadvantage: Subordinate do not get the guidance & support of the leader.

Concept:

• Human resource development (HRD) is the framework for helping employees  to develop their personal & organizational skills, knowledge & abilities.
• HRD includes  employees training, employ career development, performance management & development & organizational development.
• The objective of HRD is  to develop superior workforce so that organization & employ can achieve the goal to improve the quality of services.

Explanation:

• Human resource development (HRD) is closely related to staffing & staff development program to accomplish  the goal of organization.
• Its main aim is to improve quality of work life.

Additional Information

• Purpose of HRD  are:
• Improve morale and motivation through empowerment & developing potential.
• Improve competitiveness through better productivity.
• To control cost.
• To bring teamwork & commitment
• To foster participation of employees in organization activity.

Explanation:

• The main responsibility of a project coordinator is to ensure the project is running smoothly, on time and to budget.
• A Project Coordinator carries the responsibility of partially managing the project under the supervision of other managers.
• A Project Coordinator is usually given some sort of limited authority to make decision. He has the financial powers but lacks in authority over the workers.
• Duties typically include planning certain parts of the project, monitoring its progress, coordinating meetings and overseeing members of the project team.
• For larger projects, the Project Manager may have some Project Coordinators reporting to them.

Concept:

• Power is the ability or potential of a person to influence another person or a group to perform an act.
• Authority is the right to give orders and power is get obedience by others.
• Types of power: Referent power, Legitimate power, Expert power, Coercive power, Reward power.

Explanation:

• Referent Power: It is also called as personal power & the power of  personality.
• This power comes from each leader individually.
• It is a personality of a person  that attracts followers.
• People follow because they are influenced or attracted by the charming personality of leader.

Additional Information

1. Legitimate Power: It is also known as position power and official power. it comes from the higher authority.
2. Coercive Power: It is the ability to punish others or to pose a threat to others, coercive power uses fear as a motivator.
3. Expert power:  It is also known as power of knowledge, it comes from expert knowledge & skill.
4. Reward power: In this with the help of reward power the leader tries to motivate the followers to improve their performance.

Explanation:

•  Authority means the power or right to give orders, command, make decisions, and enforce obedience.
• Authority is given to a manger to achieve the objectives of organization.
• Authority always flows downwards, it is delegated from the top to the bottom.

Additional Information

• Delegation: Is a transfer of responsibility for performance of a task from one person to another.
• Delegation triangle include Authority, responsibility & Contract.
• Principle of delegation:

1. Assignment of duties according to expected result.
2.  There should be equality of authority & responsibility while assigning duties to subordinates.
3. Clarification of limits of authority.
4. Unit of command: Command should receive from one  supervisor at one time.