Social Movements MCQ Quiz in मल्याळम - Objective Question with Answer for Social Movements - സൗജന്യ PDF ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക

The correct answer is Samp Sabha.

Key Points

• Govind Giri established the 'Samp Sabha' in 1883 and created a social and political awakening among the Bhils.
  • Govind Giri was born in a Banjara family in Bassian village of Dungarpur.
  • He formed the Bhagat Movement to keep the follwers within the boundaries of Hinduism.
  • The administration was concerned about the social renaissance sponsored by the Samp Sabha among the Bhils from Mewar, Vijaynagar and Malwa
  • ​In order to unite the tribals, he started yagnas and havans on the Mangarh hill.
• He held the first session of  Samp Sabha in 1903 in Mangarh Hills.
  • After this session, it was held every year on " Ashwin Shukla Purnima".
  • A major event took place during the session of November 6, 1913.
    • The British Army open fire on the group of people.
    • Approximately, 1500 people of the Bhil community were killed during this fire.

The correct answer is - M.C. Mehta

Key Points

• M.C. Mehta
  • Famed environmental lawyer.
  • Filed the writ petition in 1986 for Taj Mahal's preservation.
  • Pivotal in the "Taj Trapezium Case."
  • Cases led to regulating nearby industries to reduce pollution.

Additional Information

• Vandana Shiva
  • Renowned for biodiversity and sustainable agriculture activism.
  • Not involved in the Taj Mahal conservation case.
• Sunderlal Bahuguna
  • Noted for leading the Chipko Movement to protect forests.
  • Not related to the Taj Trapezium Case.
• Ajit Kumar Banerjee
  • Lesser-known figure without significant involvement in the Taj Mahal preservation.

The correct answer is Bhoodan Movement.

Key Points

• The Bhoodan Movement, also known as the "Land Gift Movement," was initiated by Acharya Vinoba Bhave in 1951.
• It began in Pochampally village in Telangana, India, with the aim to persuade wealthy landowners to voluntarily donate a portion of their land to landless farmers.
• The movement was deeply inspired by Gandhian principles of non-violence and social equity.
• Acharya Vinoba Bhave traveled across India, convincing landlords to contribute land for redistribution to the landless, fostering self-reliance and rural development.
• By the mid-1950s, the movement had achieved significant success, with millions of acres of land pledged for redistribution, although not all of it was effectively distributed.

Additional Information

• Vinoba Bhave:
  • He was a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi and is regarded as the spiritual successor of Gandhi's leadership in India.
  • Vinoba Bhave aimed to address land inequality and promote rural self-reliance through non-violent means.
• Gramdan Movement:
  • Following the Bhoodan Movement, Vinoba Bhave launched the Gramdan Movement, where entire villages would voluntarily donate land for collective ownership and management.
  • It sought to create a model of village-level economic self-sufficiency and social equity.
• Sarvodaya Movement:
  • Both the Bhoodan and Gramdan movements were part of the larger Sarvodaya Movement, which emphasized the welfare of all (Sarvodaya means "progress for all").
  • It was rooted in Gandhian values of justice, non-violence, and equality.
• Challenges Faced by the Movement:
  • Despite initial success, the Bhoodan Movement faced challenges such as lack of proper land distribution mechanisms and reluctance of some landowners to part with productive land.
  • Additionally, the donated land often included barren or unproductive plots, limiting its utility for the landless.
• Legacy:
  • The Bhoodan Movement is considered one of the largest voluntary land reform initiatives in modern history.
  • It highlighted the need for equitable land distribution and inspired future land reform efforts in India.

The correct answer is Vinoba Bhave.

Key Points

• Vinoba Bhave was the pioneer of the Bhoodan Movement, which started in 1951 in Pochampally, Telangana.
• The Bhoodan Movement aimed at persuading wealthy landowners to voluntarily donate a portion of their land to landless farmers.
• Vinoba Bhave, a disciple of Mahatma Gandhi, was deeply influenced by Gandhian principles of non-violence and social justice.
• The movement was part of a larger initiative to address issues of land redistribution and rural poverty in India.
• Through his efforts, millions of acres of land were donated to benefit the landless and marginalized communities.

Additional Information

• Bhoodan Movement:
  • The term "Bhoodan" translates to "land gift" in Hindi.
  • It was a voluntary land reform movement initiated to bridge the gap between the wealthy landowners and the landless poor.
  • The movement was inspired by Gandhian philosophy and sought to create a more equitable rural society.
• Vinoba Bhave:
  • Born on 11th September 1895, Vinoba Bhave was a social reformer and spiritual leader.
  • He was the first recipient of the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Community Leadership in 1958.
  • He is also known for his contributions to Sarvodaya (universal upliftment) and promoting non-violent activism.
• Gramdan Movement:
  • The Gramdan Movement was an extension of the Bhoodan Movement, where entire villages voluntarily donated their land for equitable redistribution.
  • This movement aimed to foster collective ownership and reduce economic disparity.
• Challenges of the Bhoodan Movement:
  • Many land donations were either unsuitable for cultivation or encumbered with legal disputes.
  • The implementation of land redistribution faced bureaucratic hurdles and resistance from landowners.

The correct answer is Sunderlal Bahuguna.

Explanation-

The Chipko movement, an ecological movement where people embraced trees to prevent them from being cut down, originated in India in the 1970s. The movement in its modern form began in 1973 in the Uttarakhand region of India. It was primarily a forest conservation movement in India that sought to prevent deforestation that threatened local ecosystems.

Though Gaura Devi is often associated with the starting of the action-part of the movement in 1974 when she led a group of women in Reni village, Chamoli, Uttarakhand, to prevent the cutting down of trees, it was really an effort of groups of villagers across the region.

Sunderlal Bahuguna, an environmentalist and Chipko movement leader, played a crucial role in promoting the movement and giving it a philosophical direction. His appeals for implementing forest conservation policies were very significant to the momentum and success of the movement.

The correct answer is Feminist movement.

Key Points

• In India, the women's movement started in the 19th century as a social reform movement.
• Women's movements in India during the colonial era emerged from the same historical circumstances and social environment as the earlier social reform movements of the 19th century, which led to new ideas about various social institutions, practises, and social reform laws. 
• In India, women's movements have their roots in deeply ingrained antiquated customs like sati, child marriage, or the mistreatment of widows in the 19th century, and in more recent times, issues like rape, dowry, domestic violence, unequal pay at work, sexual harassment at work, an unequal division of labour, and a low representation of women in politics.
• The middle-class social reform movements of the early 19th century gave rise to the women's question in contemporary India.
• These problems vary by area, religion, and social class. The problems are always changing, and the lessons we've learned from dealing with earlier problems remain ingrained in them.
• The demands made in this campaign for equal access to education and the vote served as the foundation for later women's movements. 
• In the 20th century, movements for women were primarily led by educated, middle-class women beginning in the 1970s.
  • The problems of women's sovereignty over their own bodies, equal rights in social institutions like marriage and the family, and recognition of the worth of their identities were at the centre of the movements.
  • In addition, women led initiatives like the Chipko movement addressed broader issues like environmental concerns. 
  • Legislative changes were required in the following areas:
    • Equal pay for equal work, reducing workplace harassment, and Work Opportunities.
    • Seats are reserved for political involvement at all levels of government.
    • Health facilities: access to abortion, maternity leave, and childcare at work
    • Resources are distributed according to inheritance rights.
    • Against social ills including dowries, female genital mutilation, and domestic abuse. 
• In the 21st century, women's movements have evolved beyond the binary of man and woman and have become more inclusive. The movements have evolved into a place where people of all gender identities, not only women, demand dignity. 
  • The expansion of the definitions of "violence" and "rape" in the legal framework, as well as the inclusion of marital rape in the category of rape, are concerns brought up by technological innovation and globalisation, which have created new arenas for power struggles.
    • Protection from online crime.
    • Radical changes in the way that marriage and parenthood are viewed and practised, as well as the school system.
    • As an illustration, consider the calls for increased paternity leave and the recognition of women as family heads.
    • Reforms in the governance structure that includes the fair distribution of resources and planning that takes gender into account, such as gender budgeting.

The correct answer is Sunderlal Bahuguna.

Explanation-

The Chipko movement, an ecological movement where people embraced trees to prevent them from being cut down, originated in India in the 1970s. The movement in its modern form began in 1973 in the Uttarakhand region of India. It was primarily a forest conservation movement in India that sought to prevent deforestation that threatened local ecosystems.

Though Gaura Devi is often associated with the starting of the action-part of the movement in 1974 when she led a group of women in Reni village, Chamoli, Uttarakhand, to prevent the cutting down of trees, it was really an effort of groups of villagers across the region.

Sunderlal Bahuguna, an environmentalist and Chipko movement leader, played a crucial role in promoting the movement and giving it a philosophical direction. His appeals for implementing forest conservation policies were very significant to the momentum and success of the movement.

The correct answer is Chipko Movement.

Key Points

• The non-violent Chipko Movement began in 1973 in the Chamoli district of Uttar Pradesh (now part of Uttarakhand).
• The name of the movement, "chipko," is derived from the term "embrace," since the locals hugged and surrounded the trees to stop them from being cut down.
• It is best known for the collective mobilisation of women for the preservation of forests, which also changed attitudes toward the place of women in society.
• Its major success was educating the public about their rights to forests and how local activity may affect decisions about the environment and shared natural resources.
• In 1981, commercial tree cutting was outlawed above a slope of 30 degrees and above 1,000 msl (mean sea level). 
• Both male and female activists from Uttarakhand played significant roles in the movement, including Gaura Devi, Suraksha Devi, Sudesha Devi, Bachni Devi and Chandi Prasad Bhatt, Virushka Devi, and others.
• The non-violent movement was given the right direction by Sunderlal Bahuguna, and its success caused the world to take notice of it right away. Over time, many similar eco-groups were inspired by this movement, which helped to slow down the rapid deforestation, expose vested interests, raise social awareness about the need to save trees, raise ecological awareness, and show the viability of people power.

The correct answer is Feminist movement.

Key Points

• In India, the women's movement started in the 19th century as a social reform movement.
• Women's movements in India during the colonial era emerged from the same historical circumstances and social environment as the earlier social reform movements of the 19th century, which led to new ideas about various social institutions, practises, and social reform laws. 
• In India, women's movements have their roots in deeply ingrained antiquated customs like sati, child marriage, or the mistreatment of widows in the 19th century, and in more recent times, issues like rape, dowry, domestic violence, unequal pay at work, sexual harassment at work, an unequal division of labour, and a low representation of women in politics.
• The middle-class social reform movements of the early 19th century gave rise to the women's question in contemporary India.
• These problems vary by area, religion, and social class. The problems are always changing, and the lessons we've learned from dealing with earlier problems remain ingrained in them.
• The demands made in this campaign for equal access to education and the vote served as the foundation for later women's movements. 
• In the 20th century, movements for women were primarily led by educated, middle-class women beginning in the 1970s.
  • The problems of women's sovereignty over their own bodies, equal rights in social institutions like marriage and the family, and recognition of the worth of their identities were at the centre of the movements.
  • In addition, women led initiatives like the Chipko movement addressed broader issues like environmental concerns. 
  • Legislative changes were required in the following areas:
    • Equal pay for equal work, reducing workplace harassment, and Work Opportunities.
    • Seats are reserved for political involvement at all levels of government.
    • Health facilities: access to abortion, maternity leave, and childcare at work
    • Resources are distributed according to inheritance rights.
    • Against social ills including dowries, female genital mutilation, and domestic abuse. 
• In the 21st century, women's movements have evolved beyond the binary of man and woman and have become more inclusive. The movements have evolved into a place where people of all gender identities, not only women, demand dignity. 
  • The expansion of the definitions of "violence" and "rape" in the legal framework, as well as the inclusion of marital rape in the category of rape, are concerns brought up by technological innovation and globalisation, which have created new arenas for power struggles.
    • Protection from online crime.
    • Radical changes in the way that marriage and parenthood are viewed and practised, as well as the school system.
    • As an illustration, consider the calls for increased paternity leave and the recognition of women as family heads.
    • Reforms in the governance structure that includes the fair distribution of resources and planning that takes gender into account, such as gender budgeting.

The correct answer is Sunderlal Bahuguna.

Explanation-

The Chipko movement, an ecological movement where people embraced trees to prevent them from being cut down, originated in India in the 1970s. The movement in its modern form began in 1973 in the Uttarakhand region of India. It was primarily a forest conservation movement in India that sought to prevent deforestation that threatened local ecosystems.

Though Gaura Devi is often associated with the starting of the action-part of the movement in 1974 when she led a group of women in Reni village, Chamoli, Uttarakhand, to prevent the cutting down of trees, it was really an effort of groups of villagers across the region.

Sunderlal Bahuguna, an environmentalist and Chipko movement leader, played a crucial role in promoting the movement and giving it a philosophical direction. His appeals for implementing forest conservation policies were very significant to the momentum and success of the movement.