Impairments MCQ Quiz in मल्याळम - Objective Question with Answer for Impairments - സൗജന്യ PDF ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക

Hearing loss can be in one ear or in both ears, and it can range from mild to profound. Further, it may be conductive or sensorineural in nature.

 Key Points

• ​The purpose of screening tests is to determine whether the person has hearing loss or not.
• Hearing tests may be classified as
  • (i) informal hearing tests
  • (ii) formal hearing tests
• An informal test is based on behavioral observations of the child to various sounds.
• These sounds need to be of different frequencies and different intensities. The parents, caregivers, and other family members should make detailed observations regarding whether the child responds to sounds or not.
• The high-risk register helps to alert the professional to suspect the presence of this hidden handicap.
• Different checklists can be used to assess the degree of hearing loss and it is very important to assess the same. 

Hence, it can be concluded that checklists, behavior observation techniques, and high-risk registers are used for hearing screening. 

The resource room is a separate room where teachers only take the class of special needs children, the room is equipped with various resources like textbooks, charts, learning games, activity material etc. 

Key Points

• The resource room is a part of integrated schools where the teacher takes the students with special needs to a separate room and teach them in small groups or individually according to their needs.
• The special education teacher does not have to find collaboration time. He is able to provide more individual instruction time.
•  Students with emotional and behavioral problems or severe cognitive disabilities who would not experience any success in the regular education classroom may be in a pull-out program for the majority or all of their day.
• A student’s IEP dictates how much time she should spend in the resource room each day or week.

Hence, it can be concluded that Resource room teaching is more useful for children with learning disabilities and mental retardation. 

Hearing impairment is assessed using formal and informal methods of screening. The formal is done by the audiologist, psychologist, speech therapist, etc. While the informal assessment is done by parents, teachers, or people who observe the child's behavior regularly. 

Key Points The Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) is a formal screening test for hearing impairment. This is done by the audiologist. 

• This is done by placing 5-6 electrodes on the head of the child and placing an earphone on the ears. The sounds of different intensities are presented to the child. This makes the hearing nerve fire and this electrical response travels to the brainstem where it is detected by the electrodes. This information is then mapped on the computer. 
• The audiologist usually presents a 'click' to screen infants. They present clicking sounds of various intensities, soft and loud, and if a healthy response is given then the child passes the screening. 

Thus, ABR is an electrophysiological procedure used for hearing screening, based on brainstem response to sound.

Additional Information

• Otoacoustic emissions are a technology that involves measuring the integrity of the outer hair cells of the cochlea. This is done to screen for hearing loss in children and infants.  
• A high-risk register alerts the person that the person might have a hearing impairment. 

Important Points A developmental checklist is a list of developmental milestones and the age at which they are normally achieved by most children. This alerts the parents or doctors of any delay in the development of the child. 

Impairment is defined as the temporary or permanent deterioration in the functioning of a body part, organ, or system and can be caused by injury or disease. The persons having impairment are called differently-abled persons.

Key Points

Sensorineural hearing loss is an age-related problem, where adults complain of difficulty hearing high-pitched sounds. Sensorineural hearing loss is a permanent deficit in adults, caused due to a long time of exposure to high-pitched sounds. Infections and congenital deficits can cause this problem in children also. People with this deficit face issues in understanding the speech also. 

• The damage to the inner ear or the auditory nerve (nerve connecting the ear to the brain), can lead to sensorineural hearing loss. 
• The deficit is lifelong and affects speech comprehension.
• Medical treatments can be partially effective in this type of hearing loss, though cochlear implants and other hearing aids are highly useful in sensorineural hearing loss.
• A surgically implanted neuro-prosthesis is what cochlear implantation is and is highly useful for patients suffering from moderate to profound sensorineural hearing loss. 
• Cochlear implants also help in improving speech comprehension. 

Additional Information

• Mild Hearing loss is the inability to hear sounds of less than 25 decibels, for instance, whispering or shuffling sounds. 
• Moderate hearing loss involves hearing no speech in normal sound, ranging from 41- 55 Db. 
• Conductive hearing loss is the deficit where sound is unable to process from the outer and middle ear leading to difficulty hearing soft sounds. 

Confusion Points

• Cochlear implantation is a surgical method, hence the last option for the treatment of hearing impairments. For mild and moderate hearing loss, hearing aids can be used. 

Hence, we can conclude that People with sensorineural hearing loss type of hearing loss need cochlear implants to gain access to the spoken word and sound in the environment

According to the federal Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), an orthopaedic impairment is defined as a bone-, joint-, or muscle-related disability that is so severe that it negatively affects a child’s educational performance

Key Points

• According to the federal Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), an orthopaedic impairment is defined as a bone-, joint-, or muscle-related disability that is so severe that it negatively affects a child’s educational performance
• Orthopedically handicapped or locomotor disability refers to a person’s inability to execute distinctive activities associated with the movement of self and manipulation of objects.
• Persons with locomotor disabilities face difficulties to use one or more of his/her extremities or may have a lack of strength to walk, grasp, or lift objects resulting from affliction of the musculoskeletal and/or nervous system.
• Polio, arthritis, muscular dystrophy, rickets, and tuberculosis are disorders of locomotor disability. 
• Facilities such as assistive devices and aids are facilitated in regular schools such as wheelchairs, walking canes, crutches, patient lifters, etc. 
• Students with orthopedically handicapped have a variety of activities arranged in the school for improving their other skills such as cognitive, and moral. 

Hence, it can be concluded that Orthopedically Handicapped children do not need special schooling.

Physical disabilities refers to the health problems which limit the individual's ability to lead a normal, healthy life. For example, convulsions or fits, heart problems present from birth.

Key Points

•  A person with physical disability may also have one or more of the following conditions - mental retardation, visual impairment, hearing impairment, emotional problems or speech problems.
• There are numerous causes of physical disabilities which are prenatal, peri natal and post natal. 
• Prenatal causes include malnutrition of mother, age of mother and poor health of expecting mother. 
• Numerous perinatal causes exists such as narrow pelvis, big baby, a history of prolonged labour in previous childbirths etc. 
• Post natal causes include Illness, disease, accidents, deficiency of adequate calories, proteins and vitamins in the child's diet can lead to physical disabilities. 
• Some post natal causes of physical disabilities also include damage to the brain or spinal cord of children, different damages to skeletal system.

Hence, it can be concluded that damage to brain or spinal cord, muscles and bones are the causes of physical disabilities.

Deafblindness is a dual sensory loss involving visual as well as auditory senses.

Key Points According to the U.S. Federal law governing special education (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act–IDEA) ,the term“children with deafblindness” means children and youth having auditory and visual impairments,the combination of which creates such severe communication and other developmental and learning needs that they cannot be appropriately educated without special education and related services.

• ​A deafblind person won't usually be totally deaf and totally blind, but both senses will be reduced enough to cause significant difficulties in everyday life.
• There are four types of deafblindness - 

1. Congenitally deafblind: Individuals who are born with vision and hearing loss.
2. Congenitally deaf, adventitiously blind: Individuals who are born with deafness and later acquire blindness.
3. Congenitally blind, adventitiously deaf: Individuals who are born with blindness and later acquire deafness.
4. Adventitiously deafblind or acquired deafblind: Individuals who are born with hearing and vision senses but later lose both the senses in varying degrees and at different times.

​Hence, it can be concluded that the Deafblind condition is a combination of Visual and hearing loss.

TBI stand for Traumatic Brain Injury can change the way your brain normally works and is caused by an external force to the head. 

 Key Points​

• Falls, motor vehicle crashes, being struck by or against an object, and assaults are four commonly reported causes of TBI.
• Headache or “pressure” in the head, Nausea or vomiting, Balance problems or dizziness, Double or blurry vision, Sensitivity to light or noise, Sensation of feeling sluggish, and Concentration or memory problems are the symptoms of Traumatic Brain Injury. 
• TBI can occur in any sport or recreational activity.
• Therefore, all parents, school professionals, caregivers, coaches, athletes, and participants in recreational sports need to learn TBI signs and symptoms and what to do if one occurs.

Hence, it can be concluded that TBI stands for Traumatic Brain Injury. 

Rehabilitation Council of India (RCI) is an apex body that was established in 1986. RCI has a huge role to play in regulating educational and training programs for rehabilitation professionals. 

Key Points

• It also maintains a registry of professionals working towards the rehabilitation of people with physical and mental impairments. It provides licensure to such professionals as well. 
• Certification or licensure of professionals working to rehabilitate people with impairments ensures better and more ethical practice and delivery of quality interventions. 
• RCI aims to make the training of rehabilitation professionals uniform throughout the country by developing a curriculum that has to be implemented in every institution recognized by RCI for courses on rehabilitation. 
• It also recognizes institutions and colleges which have courses for training people in the field of rehabilitation. 
• It also promotes research on special education and the field of rehabilitation. 

Thus, it is concluded that to register the professionals working in the field of disabilities is played by RCI in inclusion.

Additional Information The Rehabilitation Act was drafted in 1977 which said that any federal body or a body that is federally funded can not discriminate against people with disabilities in programs conducted by these agencies as well as regarding employment opportunities. 

Hidden disorders can also be called invisible disorders. These disorders cannot be seen outside by others, but are chronic and impair activities of daily living.

• Hidden disorders are Neurological or brain-related conditions, hidden inside and can be diagnosed as the brain is unfolding through development.

Key Points

• Learning disorders can be diagnosed only during school age. Till that age it is hidden. Children with learning disorders cannot be differentiated from normally developed children, as they have normal physical growth and emotional development.
• Learning disability is a neurological disorder, where the signs and symptoms can be identified only through detailed assessment and diagnosis. The symptoms are not physical so invisible.
• The learning disability causes challenges and difficulties to the child in his/her day-to-day life, but others would not be able to see or acknowledge the disability.
• Parents and Teachers sometimes think that the child with a Learning disability is just lazy or faking the disability in order to escape their studies.
• Thus the average intelligence and good communication skills possessed by the children with learning disabilities camouflage their disability, making them hidden one.

Hence, it is concluded that hidden disorder word is more appropriate to learning disability, as cannot be identified or visible to common people. Only specialists can recognize it and it is neurological in nature.

Confusion Points 

• Hearing impairment is also a hidden one. No physical signs can be seen here.  But this is an impairment or disability and NOT a DISORDER.
• In locomotor disability, the physical changes and signs can be seen, where limbs are affected. so it is a visible disability.
• Intellectual disability causes a global delay in overall development, so this can also be identified by common people when the children communicate.