Knowledge Organization & Processing - Classification MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Knowledge Organization & Processing - Classification - Download Free PDF

The Correct answer is (ii) and (iii) are correct

Key PointsThe UDC has employed two types of Auxiliaries:

​Common Auxiliaries:

• Common auxiliaries consist of two types of elements: signs and sub-divisions. .
• Signs are symbols that convey the relationship between two numbers, combining them to form a compound concept.
• Auxiliary sub-divisions:
  • The common auxiliary sub-divisions are presented as numeric tables.
  • They follow a hierarchical enumeration similar to the main tables but are identified by distinct symbols.
  • These symbols can either precede the number or enclose it.
  • These common auxiliaries are consistent across all or most subjects.
  • They are singularly listed in the scheme for easy extraction and application where needed.
  • Common auxiliary subdivisions aid in synthesis and serve as memory aids.
  • The associated symbols can function as facet indicators; for instance, parentheses may represent the space facet, while quotation marks indicate the time facet.

Special Auxiliaries:

• In contrast to common auxiliaries, special auxiliaries are not consolidated in a single location within UDC because they represent locally recurrent characteristics with limited applicability.
• These auxiliaries are dispersed throughout the tables, expressing concepts relevant to the specific subject where they are listed.
• Special auxiliaries are primarily enumerative, with the sole synthesizing sign being the apostrophe (').
• The special auxiliary subdivisions refer to locally recurrent characteristics.
• The special auxiliary subdivisions use three kinds of notation
  • The Hyphen series
  • The Point-Nought series
  • The Apostrophe series

The Correct answer is A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2.

Key Points

• Edition 4 marked a significant departure from previous versions, with each fundamental category (except space and time) being assigned distinct connecting symbols for clarity and organization.
• In addition to the connecting symbols, Greek alphabets are used to represent specific fields, as follows:

The Correct answer is Transformed Title.

Key Points

• Ranganathan outlined eight steps for classifying a document’s subject, transitioning from natural language to a classificatory language using ordinal numbers.
• These steps are integrated across the three planes of classification—Idea Plane, Verbal Plane, and Notational Plane.
  • Raw Title: The expressive title found on the title page or provided by the classifier for a creative title.
  • Expressive Title: A full title that encompasses all facets/aspects of the document’s subject.
  • Kernel Title: The simplified version of the expressive title, with unnecessary words removed and terms converted to their nominative singular form.
  • Analyzed Title: The kernel title with symbols indicating the fundamental category of each term.
  • Transformed Title: The analyzed title, rearranged according to postulates and principles governing the sequence.
  • Title Standard Terms: The transformed title, with kernel terms replaced by their standard terms from the classification scheme.
  • Title in Focal Numbers: The title in standard terms, with each term replaced by its corresponding class number or isolate number from the classification scheme.
  • Class Number: The ordinal number is derived by replacing symbols with appropriate digits as per the classification rules.
  • Verification: Confirm that the subject name matches the raw or expressive title by translating the class number and ensuring equivalence.

The Correct answer is Invisible plane

Key Points

Idea Plane:

• In library classification, the Idea Plane is where the analysis of the universe of subjects begins.
• It is also known as the invisible plane because the ideas are not directly visible but are represented by numbers and words.
• The tasks in the Idea Plane include:
  • Identifying the Basic Class (BC): This is the first step in understanding the subject
  • Analyzing and Arranging Subjects: The universe of known and emerging subjects, along with their isolates, is analyzed and arranged in a logical sequence.
  • Recognizing New Subjects: The plane also accounts for newly emerging subjects and determines their proper place in the existing scheme without disrupting the
  • structure.Breaking Down Complex Terms: Derived composite terms are decomposed into simpler components.
  • Facet Analysis: Subjects are analyzed in facets such as:
  • Time and Space
  • Energy
  • Matter
  • Personality

The Correct answer is A, B, C and D.

Key Points

• In 1911-1912, E W Hulme published Principles of Book Classification in the Library Association Record, which influenced later classification theories.
• Hulme classified classifications into two main categories: Mechanical and Philosophical, with book classification falling into the mechanical category.
• His principles of book classification include:
  • Plotting Pre-existing Areas: Classification reflects areas already established in the literature, and matching them with a philosophical order does not guarantee accuracy.
  • Mechanical Assembly: Book classification involves mechanically assembling material into classes.
  • Non-Philosophical Coordination: The division of classes is mainly based on formal, non-philosophical criteria.
  • Literary Warrant: Classification should be based on existing literature. A subject can only be included in the classification scheme if literature on it already exists.
• Hulme introduced the principle of literary warrant, which asserts that a subject must have existing literature to justify its inclusion in a classification scheme.
• This principle deeply influenced the Library of Congress Classification (LC) and was adopted by Ranganathan, though with slight differences.

The correct answer is Increasing the capacity of an array with the aid of an empty digit.

Key Points

• Sectorising Digits/Device:
  • ​This is an effective device to accommodate a subject at a proper place in an array even if no vacant place is there.
  • For this Ranganathan invented an ingenious method of empty digits, now also called Sectorising Digits.
  • To increase the capacity of an array, CC has introduced what is called an empty digit. An empty digit has no semantic value, but it retains the ordinal value.
  • Ranganathan sets aside 0,9,z, and Z as empty digits.
  • These digits are never used alone but are used as repeater digits to extend an array.

Additional Information

• Digits T, V, and X are set aside as emptying digits as these empty a preceding digit of its meaning but allow it to retain its ordinal value.
• To make further rather almost unlimited interpolation in the Colon Classification U, W
  and Y have been postulated as Empty-Empty digits. 
• The four major devices used in CC are:
  • Chronological device
  • Geographical device
  • Subject device
  • Alphabetical device

The correct answer is Schedules of classics and sacred books with special names.

Key Points

•  Part 1 - Rules
  • ​Part 1 of the Colon Classification deals with the Rules of the Classifications.
  • It deals with Call-Number, ClassNumber, Book-Number, and Collection Numbers.
• Part 2 - Schedules
  • ​Part 2 of the Colon classification deals with the Schedules of Classifications.
  • The Alphabetical Index to all the other isolates is given in Alphabetical Sequence at the end of Part 2. 
• Part 3 - Classics and Sacred Books
  • ​Part 3 gives classes and classics in Indology worked out in far greater detail.
  • The Indological schedules will also be of use in classifying Manuscript Libraries.
  • It includes schedules of Sacred Books with special names. 

Additional Information

Colon classification:

• It is the library classification system developed by SR Ranganathan in 1931.
• The colon classification system uses 42 main classes that are combined with other letters, numbers, and marks.
• The latest edition of the CC is the 7th edition which was introduced in the year 1987.

The correct answer is Posteriorising Personality Common Isolate

Key Points

• ​Ranganathan defines common isolates as "an isolated idea denoted by the same isolate term and represented by the same isolate number, quite irrespective of the compound subject in which it occurs, or the basic subject with which the compound subject goes".
• Types of Common Isolates in CC:
  • Anteriorising common isolates
    Applicable after time facet
    T - commission report
    t4 - survey
    v - source material
    v46 - genealogy
    v6 chronology 
  • Posteriorising Common Isolates in CC: Posteriorising common isolates are of three types, personality, matter, and energy
    common isolates. A personality common isolate stands mainly for institutions, some of which- are as follows: 
    • f - investigating- institution
      f2 - an observational institution
      f3 - laboratory
      g - learned body
      h6 - museum
      y - cultural organizations 
•  Colon Classification:
  • ​The first edition of CC was published in 1933  with Three parts by the Madras Library Association.
  • It was compiled by Dr. Ranganathan.
  • The second edition of Colon Classification was published in 1939 with four parts.
  • Main classes  Spiritual Experience and Mysticism were added in 2nd ed. Also, octave principles were added.
  • The third edition of Colon Classification 'appeared in 1950 fourth in 1952 Fifth in 1957, the Sixth in 1960, and the Seventh ed. in 1987.
  • The Notation in CC ed & comprises 74 digits which have been divided into six species.
  • The four major devices used in CC are:
    •  Chronological device
    •  Geographical device
    • Subject device
    • Alphabetical device
    • The method for mapping the universe of subjects in CC is Faceted.
    • 6th ed . of CC is a Freely faceted classification scheme.
    • In CC double inverted comma indicates a Common isolate.
    • The asterisk indicates agglomeration and interpolation.

The correct answer is Bias.

Key Points

• Phase Relation is the method of assembling two or more subjects, facets, or isolate ideas.
• In Colon Classification, there are 6 kinds of Phase Relation.
• The table of Indicator of each phase relation is given below:

​

Table of Indicators of phase relations:

Additional Information

• Colon Classification (CC) is a scheme of library classification developed by S. R. Ranganathan.
• The first edition of CC was published in 1933.
• Intra-Array, Intra-Facet, and Inter-Subject are the types of Phase Relation in Colon Classification. 

The correct answer is "Reading and use of other information media".

Key Points

In DDC 19th edition -

000 = Generalities

020 = Library and Information Sciences

025 = Library operations

026 = Libraries for the specific subject 

027 = General libraries

028 = Reading and use of other information media

Additional Information

• Dewey Decimal Classification-
  • ​DDC Classification scheme was developed by Melvil Dewey,
  • It was first published in 1876 and used extensively for the shelf arrangement of books in public libraries.
  • The decimal notation used in DDC refers to the principle of dividing each class into ten sub-divisions and each of these sub-divisions into another ten sub-divisions and so on
  • In DDC Gap device is a method to accommodate future subjects.
  • DDC (19th ed.) includes 3 summaries-
    • First Summary - 10 Main Class
    • Second Summary - 100 Division
    • Third Summary - 1000 Sections

The correct answer is the Dynamic theory of classification:

Key Points

•  A dynamic theory of classification;
  • The dynamic theory of library (classification, developed by Ranganathan between 1948 and 1955
  • It was for the first time presented in the second edition of Prolegomena to Library Classification, published in 1957.
  •  A more advanced version of this theory appeared in 1967 in the shape of the third edition of the Prolegomena,
  • Three planes of work: the Idea Plane, the Verbal Plane, and the Notational Plane.
• Descriptive theory of classification:
  • The descriptive theory was the first stage in the development of library classification.
  • The period between 1898 and 1937 witnessed the genesis and development of this theory.

Additional Information

•  Important contributors to Library classification;
  •  J.D. Brown: 
    • Guinn-Brown Scheme jointly with  J.H. Quinn in 1894
    • Adjustable classification in 1897.
    • Subject classification in 1906
  • E C Richardson: Classification, Theoretical and Practical in 1910.
  • E.W Hulme: In 1911-1912,  he published Principles of Book Classification in the Library Association Record.
  • W C B Sayers; "Canons of Classification" in1915
  • H.E. Bliss: Bibliographic Classification (BC) in 1935.
  • S R Ranganathan; of Prolegomena to Library Classification in 1937

The correct answer is Table - 5:

Key Points

• The tables are provided in Volume I of DDC.
• The following seven tables appear in the 19th editionof DDC:
  • Table 1 : Standard Subdivision
  • Table 2 : Areas
  • Table 3 : Subdivisions of Individual Literatures
  • Table 4 : Subdivisions of Individual Languages
  • Table 5 : Racial, Ethnic, National Groups
  • Table 6 : Languages
  • Table 7 : Persons
• Of these seven tables, the Areas table occupies most number of pages in this volume.

Additional Information

• The nineteenth edition contains the same seven tables of the eighteenth edition.
• The seventeenth edition had only two tables: Area table and standard subdivisions.
•  The nineftnth edition of DDC appeared in 1979.
• DDC 19th edition appeared in three volumes:
  • Volume 1 - Introduction: Tables;
  • Volume 2 - Schedules; and
  • Volume 3 - Relative Index.
• 19th ed was the fourth and final edition to appear under the editorship of Benjamin Custer.

The correct answer is 1937.

Key Points

• The Decimal Classification Editorial Policy Committee (EPC) was established in 1937 to serve as an advisory body to the Dewey Decimal Classification.
• The Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) Editorial Policy Committee (EPC) is a ten-member international joint committee of OCLC and ALA.
• The editors prepare the proposed schedule
  revisions and expansions, and forward the proposals to
  EPC for review and recommended action.

Additional Information

• The first edition of the DDC was published in 1876  as a thin pamphlet of 44 pages entitled “A Classification and subject index for Cataloging and Arranging the Books and Pamphlets of a Library.”
• OCLC is the publisher of the 23rd edition of DDC.
• DDC version Dewey for Windows was published in 1996.
• The electronic version of the DDC-20th edition was released in 1993 on CD-ROM and titled Electronic Dewey

The correct answer is "Political Science".

Key Points 

• Colon Classification is a library classification system developed by S. R. Ranganathan.
• The First edition of It was published in 1933.
• The basic strategies for number building in CC are-
  • Subject analysis
  • Synthesis
• In CC main Classes combine with other letters, numbers, and maks.

The correct answer is the Quantitative value that each digit possesses.

Key Points

• Notation:
  • Notation is a system of shorthand symbols to denote subjects and their subdivisions by ordinal digits as said by Richardson.
  •  A digit is an element of notational systems.
  • These digits have only ordinal value i.e., show only order.
  • These digits are not cardinal or quantitative.
  • Usually, there are two types of notations: Pure and Mixed.
    • A pure notation is one comprising of single species of digits, say only A/Z as in RIC, or 0/9 Arabic numerals as in the DDC.
    • Mixed notation comprises of a mix of two or more species as in Library of Congress Classification which uses a mix of alphabets and numerals to denote subjects.
    • UDC which mainly uses 0/9 decimal numerals with a host of punctuation marks and mathematical signs has also a mixed notation
• Qualities of Good notation are
  • should convey the order clearly and automatically.
  • Be as brief as possible without compromising the efficiency
  • Be Hospitable to new subjects.