Universe of Knowledge MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Universe of Knowledge - Download Free PDF

The Correct answer is ​Lamination.

Key Points

Lamination:

• Lamination (in Ranganathan’s terminology) is the process of turning a broad “main class” into a more specific compound subject by adding one or more laminae (isolates or qualifiers).
  • Main class: A large, coherent area of knowledge (e.g., Linguistics).
  • Lamina: A single topic or isolate (e.g., “English” or “Grammar”).
  • Laminated (compound) subject: Main class + laminae
• Specialization: The more laminae you add, the more specialized the subject. In faceted classifications (CC, UDC, BC-2), you can combine and display many laminae clearly. Enumerative systems (DDC) allow fewer laminae and hide the internal structure.

Additional Information Dissection:

• ​Dissection, in the context of a subject, refers to the one-time splitting of the subject into an immediate array of subordinate fragments, each holding equal ranks.
• To illustrate, envision cutting a whole bread into slices, varying in thickness but collectively forming parts of the original whole – this act represents dissection.
• The resulting divisions share a common genus, ensuring mutual exclusivity, exhaustiveness, and equal rank among them.
• In essence, all segments derived from dissection collectively constitute an array of related classes or entities.
• Notably, the dissection process is characterized by its horizontal and instantaneous nature, with Ranganathan occasionally referring to it as dissection by fission itself (Ranganathan, 1972).

Denudation

• Denudation, in its literal sense, refers to the act of making something bare.
• When applied to the examination of a single entity, it involves a prolonged and repeated dissection, akin to peeling the layers of an onion to uncover its core.
• This process, exemplified in various scientific disciplines such as physical sciences, chemistry, and organic chemistry, unfolds vertically, creating a chain of entities with each layer subjected to successive subordination.
• Extension of the subject decreases while its intension increases in the process.
• It may be noted that both dissection and denudation are relative terms differing only in degree.
• Denudation is a dissection applied repeatedly to one entity. Therefore, denudation includes dissection.
• For example the world - Asia - India - Tamil Nadu.

​​Fission:

• Fission is the process of division or splitting or breaking up into parts.
• This process has, until recently, been denoted by the term " dissection". 
• However, dissection usually implies the splitting, breaking up, etc., of an entity into parts by an outside agency.
• On the other hand, fission is an internal process of division without the involvement of an outside agency. 
• The initial set of primary basic subjects (PBS) included in a scheme for library classification results from a division/fission of the UoS.

The Correct answer is Anteriorising Common Isolates.

Key Points

• Common Isolates in Colon Classification: Common isolates are defined in CC as those that denote the same isolate term and are represented by the same isolate number.
• There are several types of common isolates:
  • Anteriorising Common Isolates in CC:
    • Anteriorising common isolates means that they have precedence in arrangement over the class numbers to which they have been attached. In short, the anteriorising common isolates have the anterior value.
    • Anteriorising common isolates Applicable before space facet:
      • a - bibliography
      • c - concordance
      • d - table
      • f - atlas
      • k – cyclopaedia
      • m - periodical 
      • p - conference proceedings
      • v - history
      • w - biography
    • Anteriorising common isolatesApplicable after space facet
      • r - periodical administration report
      • s - statistics (serial).
    • ​​​Anteriorising common isolates Applicable after time facet
      • ​T - commission report
      • t4 - survey
      • v - source material
      • v46 - genealogy
      • v6 chronology 
  • Posteriorising Common Isolates in CC:
    • ​Posteriorizing common isolates are of three types, personality, matter, and energy common isolates. They are to be attached to the host(core) class with their respective connecting symbols, viz., comma, semi-colon and colon.
    • some of which- are as follows: 
      • f - investigating- institution
      • f2 - observational institution
      • f3 - laboratory
      • g - learned body
      • h6 - museum
      • y - cultural organizations

The Correct answer is The Primary Phase is the phase with a lesser ordinal value.

Key Points

• Phase Analysis:
  • In the process of constructing a class number for a complex subject, the first step is to determine the precedence between two phases.
  • The Primary Phase and Secondary Phase are key in this determination.
  • Ranganathan established clear rules to simplify this process within the standardized Colon Classification (CC) system.
• Symmetrical Relations:
  • For symmetrical relations like general, comparison, and difference relations, either phase can be considered primary.
  • However, for consistency, the Primary Phase is the one with the lesser ordinal value (i.e., the one appearing first in the schedule), and the other becomes the Secondary Phase.
    • Examples: In the relation between "Chemistry and Physics," Physics becomes the Primary Phase, and Chemistry is the Secondary Phase.
    • For "Difference between Drama and Fiction," Drama is the Primary Phase, and Fiction is the Secondary Phase.
• Asymmetrical Relations:
  • In asymmetrical relations like Bias, Influencing, and Tool Phases, the determination of the Primary Phase is different.
  • Here, the Secondary Phase typically qualifies the first.
  • In Bias Phase Relation, the Primary Phase is the Bias Phase, meaning the phase that is discriminating or favoring. It acts as the donor or active phase.
  • The Secondary Phase is the one that is favored.
  • Examples: In "Mathematics for Engineers," Mathematics is the Primary Phase (as the Bias Phase), and Engineering is the Secondary Phase.
    • In "Law for Sociologists," Law becomes the Primary Phase, and Sociology is the Secondary Phase.

The Correct answer is Denudation.

Key Points

• Denudation:
  • ​Denudation' is used to denote fission when we consider one and only one of the subdivisions of an isolate or a BS, resulting from fission.
  • It is stripping a subject, like peeling an onion, of its successive layers to reach the bottom of the bottomless.
  • Prolegomena defined as "Denudation is the progressive decrease of the extension and the increase of the intension (or the depth) of a BS or an isolated idea, even as we scoop out the flesh of a soft-fruit from deeper and deeper layers or as we excavate the well".
  • In the words of J.H. Shera, denudation is "the exposure of a new area of knowledge by erosion or divestment through research or inquiry".
  • Denude means to make bare.
  • Long-drawn and repeated dissection of a single entity becomes denudation.
  • Sciences, physical sciences, chemistry, organic chemistry, aromatic compounds, benzenoids, benzene, and so on illustrate the denudation at work.

Additional InformationFusion:

• Fusion is an advanced stage of loose assemblage. When a loose assemblage solidifies into a permanent relationship and the different constituents are irreversibly joined to form an entirely new subject with its own special isolates and literary warrant, it is called a fused subject or a subject born by the fusion.
• Examples Chemical physics, Biophysics, biochemistry, geopolitics, Astrophysics, Bio-physics Educametry. Medical Jurisprudence Socio-cybernetics, etc.

​Distillation:

• In this mode of formation of subjects,  a pure discipline is evolved as a Primary Basic Subject(PBS) from its appearance-in-action with diverse compound subjects going with either different Basic subjects or one and the same Basic subjects(BS).
• It gives rise to Primary Basic subjects by distillation.
• This mode may be equivalent to what Boulding describes as "c".
• Examples: Management Service, Statistical calculus, Microbiology, Anesthesiology, International relations, Ergonomics, Forestry, Research methodology​

Lamination-

• Lamination is the construction of an overlaying facet.
• According to Ranganathan "When the basic layer is a basic subject, and the other layers are isolated ideas, a compound subject is formed"
• Lamination is of two types-
  • Lamination 1- In this mode, two or more isolated facets are laminated over a basic facet.
  • For example - In the Anatomy of the Human body Basic Facet is Medicine and the isolated Facets Human body, Anatomy
  • Lamination 2- In this mode, two or more sub-facets of a compound facet are laminated over one another.

  • For example - the ayurvedic system of medicine is a non-main basic subject where medicine is the host-main subject and the ayurvedic system is the system component.

The Correct answer is A, B, C and D.

Key Points

• A discipline is an organized field of intellectual inquiry, pursued by a community of scholars.
• Derived from the word 'disciple,' meaning one who learns, a scholarly discipline is marked by its historical and social context.
• Scholars within a discipline act as authorities, and the outcomes of their work form the foundation of curricula in educational institutions.
• Attributes of Scholarly Disciplines:
  • Distinguishing Knowledge from Opinion: Disciplines focus on objective knowledge, developed through rigorous enquiry, as opposed to subjective opinion.
  • Community of Scholars: Disciplines are composed of communities of scholars who share a domain of intellectual inquiry.
  • Range of Knowledge: Disciplines contain knowledge from basic introductory concepts to complex specialized theories.
  • Structure and Form: A discipline has a defined structure, not just a collection of ideas or techniques.
  • Distinct Domain and Methods: Each discipline has its own domain of enquiry and specific methods for creating and validating knowledge.
  • Classification of Knowledge: Disciplines classify their domain in a way that is reflected in their writings.
  • Communication Structure: Each discipline has its own system for transmitting, assessing, and validating ideas.
  • Specialized Vocabulary: Disciplines use a unique vocabulary that helps communicate ideas and define their domain.

The Correct answer is the Subject of small extension and great intention;

Key Points

•  According to S R Ranganathan, 'Micro Subject' refers to a Subject of small extension and great intention.
•  The micro subject covers a relatively limited range of topics but has significant depth and intention in terms of the depth of understanding, analysis, and exploration of those topics.

Additional Information

• A complex subject is formed by the combination of two or more subjects (simple or compound subjects) or two or more facets. 
• Compound subject: A subject composed of a basic class and one or more isolates.
• Basic subject: A subject which is usually a main class or the first facet in the facet formula. It is a subject without an isolate idea.

The correct answer is A - III, B - II, C - IV, D - I.

Key Points

• Fusion-
  • In this mode, two or more Primary Basic Subjects are fused together in such a way that each of them loses its individuality with respect to the schedule of isolates needed to form the compound subjects going with it.
  • This mode may be taken to be equivalent to what Boulding describes as a "hybrid discipline".
  • Examples - Astrophysics, Biolinguistics, Astrochemistry, Sociolinguists, Bio-physics, Educametry, Socio-cybernetics, etc.​
• Agglomeration-
  • Agglomeration is the process of collecting together entities into larger masses without cohesion among the components.
  • An agglomerate can be a Basic Subject, or it can also be an isolated idea.
  • Agglomeration may be made up of consecutive constituents or even non-consecutive constituents with respect to a classification scheme.
  • Examples are natural sciences, humanities, History, and Economics.
• ​Fission
  • ​Fission is the process of division splitting or breaking up into parts
  • Fission is an internal process of division without the involvement of an outside agency.
  • Example:
    • Philosophy, Logic, Deductive Logic, Metaphysics​
• Loose Assemblage:
  • ​A loose assemblage is a combination of two or more subjects or their parts in a sort of temporary, casual, or incidental ways involving any relation viz, influencing, comparison, biased, difference, tool, or any undefined one.
  • For example, 'Statistics for Librarians, 'Psychology for Nurses, or 'Influence Computers on Library Operations, The Influence of Physics on Biology​

Additional Information

• Denudation-
  • Denudation is the progressive decrease of the extension and the increase of the intention or the depth of a basic subject or an isolated idea.
  • It is used to denote fission when we consider one and only one of the subdivisions of an isolate or basic subject, resulting from fission.
• Lamination-
  • Lamination is the construction of an overlaying facet.
  • According to Ranganathan "When the basic layer is a basic subject, and the other layers are isolated ideas, a compound subject is formed"
  • Lamination is of two types-
    • Lamination 1- In this mode, two or more isolated facets are laminated over a basic facet.
    • For example - In the Anatomy of the Human body Basic Facet is Medicine and the isolated Facets Human body, Anatomy
    • Lamination 2- In this mode, two or more sub-facets of a compound facet are laminated over one another.

    • For example - the Ayurvedic system of medicine is a non-main basic subject where medicine is the host-main subject and the ayurvedic system is the system component.

The correct answer is lamination.

 Key Points

•  Lamination :
  • ​Lamination is a construction by an over-layering facet, just as one makes a sandwich by layering a vegetable over a layer of bread.
  • According to Ranganathan "when the basic layer is a basic subject and the other layers are isolate ideas, a compound subject is formed"
  • Laminations are of two types.
    • Lamination 1: In this mode, one or more isolated facets are laminated over a basic facet. This results in compound subjects
    • Lamination 2. In this mode, two or more sub-facets of a compound facet are laminated over one another.
• Agglomeration:   
  • Agglomeration is also known as Partial comprehension.
  • It is the process of collecting together entities into larger masses without cohesion among the components.
  • Agglomeration may be made up of consecutive constituents or even non-consecutive constituents with respect to a classification scheme.
•  Denudation
  • It is stripping a subject, of its successive layers to reach the bottom of the bottomless.
  • In Denudation Extension of the subject decreases while its intention increases.
  • Denudation is a dissection applied repeatedly to one entity. 
• Fusion:
  • In Fusion, two or more PBS are fused together in such a way that each of them loses its individuality.
  • This mode may be taken to be equivalent to what Boulding describes as a "hybrid discipline"
  • Fusion is an advanced stage of loose assemblage.
  • In 1968 loose assemblage and fusion were viewed as two different modes of formation of the subject.

The Correct answer is A, B and D only

Key Points

• Ephemeral literature refers to written or printed material that is transitory and not intended to be retained or preserved for a long duration.
• The term "ephemeral" implies a short-lived or fleeting nature, indicating that such materials are meant for immediate use or consumption rather than long-term storage.
• key attributes:
  • Any transitory written or printed matter:
    • ​Ephemeral literature encompasses a wide range of materials, including pamphlets, brochures, posters, flyers, newspapers, and other forms of printed or written content that are designed for temporary use or dissemination.
  • Not intended to be retained or preserved:
    • ​The primary characteristic of ephemeral literature is its temporary nature.
    • It is created with the expectation that it will serve its purpose briefly and then be discarded, as it is not meant for long-term preservation.
  • Shorter lasting value:
    • ​Ephemeral literature typically has a short-lived or limited value, focusing on immediate communication, promotion, or information dissemination.
    • The content may lose relevance quickly, contributing to its ephemeral nature.
• Ephemeral literature includes materials such as:
  • Broadside ballads: Printed songs or poems distributed widely, often related to current events or popular culture.
  • Chapbooks: Small, inexpensive booklets containing stories, poems, or practical information.
  • Abridged classics and legends: Condensed versions of well-known literary works.
  • Almanacs: Annual publications with calendars, weather predictions, and other useful information.
  • Jestbooks: Collections of jokes, anecdotes, and humorous tales.
  • Early versions of newspapers: News sheets or pamphlets from earlier times.

The correct answer is "Complex Subject".

Key Points

• Complex Subject -
  • A complex subject is a subject that has more than one characteristic.
  • For example - "unemployed carpenters" is a complex subject because it has more than one characteristic (employment status and occupation).

​ Additional Information

• Compound Subject - 
  • A subject having a basic subject (basic facet) and one or more isolated ideas or concepts (isolate facet) as its components is called a Compound Subject.
  • For Example - The mining of gold, the Chemistry of gold, the Biblical study of animals, the Botanical study of flows, etc.

The correct answer is Dissection.

Key Points

• Dissection:
  • The meaning of this term is " separating something into pieces.
  • It cuts a universe of entities into two parts of coordinate status.
  • For example, India is divided into Tamilnadu, Kerala, etc.
• Lamination:
  • Lamination means "Layering"
  • For example, we have already an idea but we find out more ideas.
• Denudation:
  • It is stripping a subject, like peeling an onion, of its successive layers to reach the bottom of the bottomless.
  • Dissection and denudation are both relative terms differing only in degree.
  • Denudation is dissection applied repeatedly on one   entity
  • For example the world - Asia - India - Tamil Nadu

• Super-imposition:
  • It means it's a collection of different aspects.
  • it's related to designing a new object-oriented version.

Important Points

• Lamination, dissection, and denudation is the part of the modes of formation.

The correct answer is Dissection.

 Key Points

• Dissection:
  • One time splitting of a subject into an immediate array of its subordinate fragments of equal ranks is called dissection.
  • Division of physics into its traditional branches such as properties of matter, heat, light, sound, and electricity is an example of dissection.
  • The dissection process is horizontal and instantaneous in action.

Additional Information

•  Loose Assemblage:
  • ​A loose assemblage is the combination of two or more subjects or their parts in a sort of temporary, casual, or incidental ways involving any relation viz, influencing, comparison, biased, difference, tool, or any undefined one.
• Fusion:
  • ​Fusion is an advanced stage of loose assemblage. When a loose assemblage solidifies into a permanent relation and the different constituents are irreversibly joined to form an entirely new subject with its own special isolates and literary warrant, it is called a fused subject or a subject born by the fusion.
• Super-imposition:
  • It is the collection of different aspects and designs to create new object-oriented versions.

The correct answer is Non-Primary Basic Subject.

Key Points

• Two or more sub-facets of a compound facet are laminated over one another.
• Such subjects were called earlier non-main basic subjects, the components of which were the host main subjects.
• The latter had the canonical/special/ environment/system component. 
• For example,
  • Algebra is a non-primary basic subject.
  • In this example, Maths is the host-Primary subject and the Algebra is the system component. 

Additional Information

•  Other Examples:
  • Medicine = Host-Primary subject
  • Child = Special component
  • Mathematics = Host-Primary subject
  • Geometry = Canonical component
• The sequence among the non-primary components is System Environment - Special.

The correct answer is (B), (D), (C), (A).

Key Points

• Here are the words arranged in alphabetical order:
  • Sing
  • Sing at
  • Singer
  • Singing

Additional InformationThere are two basic principles of alphabetization: 

• Letter-by-letter arrangement:
  • It is also named „ All through arrangement‟.
  • In this arrangement, a letter is taken as an entity for the arrangement and no importance is given to any other point.
• Word-by-word arrangement:
  • It is also named „Nothing before something‟.
  • In this arrangement, the word is taken as an entity for the order of arrangement.
• These two principles may be understood by the following example:

Example:

Letter-by-letter arrangement Word-by-word arrangement
  Hindu                                                                Hindu
  Hindi Civilization                                            Hindu Civilization
  Hindukush                                                        Hindu Law
  Hindu Law                                                    Hindu Law Digest
  Hindu Law Digest                                       Hindu Philosophy
  Hindu Philosophy                                         Hindu Pilgrimage
  Hindu Pilgrimage                                        Hindu Service Organization
  Hindu Service Organization                            Hindu Society
  Hindu Society                                                   Hindu State
  Hindu State                                                         Hindu Temple
  Hindu Temple                                                      Hindukush 

• Note: In the above mentioned example the term „Hindukush‟ comes third in order according to „letter by letter arrangement‟, while according to „word by word‟ arrangement it comes at the end.

The correct answer is the Subject of small extension and great intention.

Key Points

• According to Ranganathan, A spot subject, in his definition, was a subject with a very tiny extension (scope) and significant intension (meaning) and could often be encapsulated in a single sentence or word.
• This concept of a spot subject is somewhat similar to the idea of subject-specific keywords.
• Ranganathan also discussed the idea of a "concept space" where subjects are represented as points, similar to points on a line or plane.
• He asserted that while the concept of space is finite, the number of specific subjects within it could be infinite.

Additional Information

• Ranganathan categorized all the subjects in the universe of knowledge into three categories:
  • ​Basic Subjects (BS),
    • ​Primary (BS): Primary basic subjects are the main classes or categories that form the foundation of a classification system.
      • These are the fundamental subjects that encompass broad areas of knowledge.
    • Non-primary (BS): Non-primary basic subjects are subcategories or subdivisions of the primary basic subjects.
      • They represent narrower and more specific areas of knowledge within the broader primary subjects. 
  • Compound Subjects:
    • ​Compound subjects are subjects that are virtually infinite in number and are formed by combining a primary basic subject with a specific focus or qualifier.
    • These qualifiers help narrow down and specify the subject further.
  • Complex Subjects:
    • ​Complex subjects are composed of two phases or aspects.
    • They typically involve a primary basic subject combined with another aspect or specialization.