Kingdom Fungi MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Kingdom Fungi - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is Only Statements 1 and 3

Explanation:

Characteristics of Phycomycetes:

• Found in aquatic habitats and on decaying wood in moist and damp places or as obligate parasites on plants.
• The mycelium is aseptate and coenocytic.
• Asexual reproduction takes place by zoospores (motile) or by aplanospores (non-motile).
• These spores are endogenously produced in sporangium.
• A zygospore is formed by fusion of two gametes.
• These gametes are similar in morphology (isogamous) or dissimilar (anisogamous or oogamous). 
• Examples are Mucor, Rhizopus (the bread mould mentioned earlier) and Albugo (the parasitic fungi on mustard).

The correct answer is A - 3, B - 4, C - 1, D - 2

Explanation:

Fungi are classified based on their morphology and reproduction methods into different classes such as Phycomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, and Deuteromycetes.

• Phycomycetes: This class includes fungi like Mucor and Albugo. They are characterized by their non-septate hyphae and asexual reproduction through sporangiospores.
• Ascomycetes: This class includes fungi such as Penicillium and Neurospora. They are known for their sac-like structures called asci, where spores are produced.
  • Penicillium is a genus of fungi that includes species used in the production of antibiotics like penicillin, which revolutionized medicine by effectively treating bacterial infections.
• Basidiomycetes: This class includes fungi like Puccinia and Ustilago. They produce spores on a club-shaped structure called a basidium.
  • Ustilago species are fungi that cause smut diseases in plants, which leads to the formation of dark, powdery spores.
  • Puccinia species are pathogenic fungi responsible for rust diseases in plants, which are characterized by the appearance of reddish or brownish pustules on leaves and stems.
• Deuteromycetes: Also known as imperfect fungi, this class includes fungi such as Alternaria and Trichoderma. They are characterized by the absence of a sexual reproductive stage in their life cycle.
  • Trichoderma species are beneficial fungi known for their role in decomposing organic matter, promoting soil health, and sometimes acting as biocontrol agents against plant pathogens.

Therefore,

• A. Ustilago 3. Smut fungi
• B. Trichoderma 4. Decomposers
• C. Penicillium 1. Antibiotic source
• D. Puccinia 2. Rust Causing

The correct answer is Agaricus, Ustilago, Puccinia

Concept:

• Basidiomycetes, also known as club fungi, are a group of fungi that include mushrooms, toadstools, puffballs, shelf fungi, rusts, and smuts.
• The defining characteristic of Basidiomycetes is the production of spores called basidiospores on a specialized cell called a basidium.
• These fungi play significant ecological roles as decomposers and symbionts (mycorrhizae) with plants. Some are also pathogenic to plants.

Explanation:

Agaricus, Ustilago, Puccinia: These fungi are typical representatives of the Basidiomycetes class.

• Agaricus: Commonly known as the mushroom, a well-known edible fungus.
• Ustilago: Known as smut fungi, these are plant pathogens that affect cereals and grasses.
• Puccinia: Rust fungi, which are obligate plant pathogens causing significant diseases in crops.

Aspergillus, Claviceps, Neurospora: These fungi belong to the class Ascomycetes.

• Aspergillus: Known for its industrial importance and some species cause diseases in humans and plants.
• Claviceps: Produces ergot alkaloids, which can infect grains and grasses causing ergotism.
• Neurospora: A model organism in genetic studies; known as the red bread mold.

Haliotis, Cypraea, Murex: These are not fungi but marine mollusks.

• Haliotis: Commonly known as abalone.
• Cypraea: Known as cowries, a type of sea snail.
• Murex: A genus of medium to large predatory sea snails.

Mucor, Rhizopus, Albugo: These fungi belong to different classes.

• Mucor and Rhizopus: Belong to the class Zygomycetes, known for their rapid growth and black bread mold.
• Albugo: Belongs to the class Oomycetes, known for causing white rust diseases in plants.

The correct answer is More than one of the above

Concept:

• Puccinia is a genus of fungi that causes rust diseases in plants. Rust diseases are characterized by the appearance of rust-colored pustules on the surfaces of leaves and stems, which can lead to significant agricultural damage.
• Puccinia belongs to Class Basidiomycetes
• Puccinia species are obligate parasites, meaning they require a living host to complete their life cycle. They typically infect cereal crops and other grasses, but can also affect other plant species.
• The life cycle of Puccinia often involves multiple stages and can require more than one host plant species to complete.

Explanation:

• Wheat rust: This disease is caused by several Puccinia species, including Puccinia graminis (stem rust), Puccinia recondita (leaf rust), and Puccinia striiformis (stripe rust). These fungi primarily infect wheat plants and can cause significant yield losses.
• Linseed rust: This disease is caused by Puccinia lini, which affects linseed or flax plants. The symptoms include rust-colored pustules on the leaves, stems, and pods, leading to reduced seed quality and yield.
• Wilt disease of pigeon pea: This disease is not caused by Puccinia. It is typically caused by Fusarium udum, a different type of fungus that leads to the wilting and death of pigeon pea plants.

Both Wheat rust and Linseed rust are caused by different species of Puccinia.Therefore, the correct answer is More than one of the above

The correct answer is Albugo

Explanation:

• Parasitic fungi are those fungi that live on or within another organism (the host) and derive nutrients at the host's expense.
• These fungi can cause various diseases in plants, which can lead to significant agricultural damage.
• Mustard plants are susceptible to several fungal infections, one of which is caused by the parasitic fungus Albugo.
  • Albugo: This parasitic fungus specifically targets mustard plants and causes white rust disease. Albugo is an obligate parasite, meaning it requires a living host to complete its life cycle. 
  • Mucor: This is a genus of fungi that includes many species commonly found in soil, decaying organic matter, and manure. Mucor species are not typically parasitic on mustard plants; instead, they are saprophytic, meaning they feed on dead or decaying organic material.
  • Rhizopus: This genus includes common bread molds and can grow on a variety of substrates, including food and organic matter. Rhizopus species are also generally saprophytic and are not known to be parasitic on mustard plants.

The correct answer is Only Statements 1 and 3

Explanation:

Characteristics of Phycomycetes:

• Found in aquatic habitats and on decaying wood in moist and damp places or as obligate parasites on plants.
• The mycelium is aseptate and coenocytic.
• Asexual reproduction takes place by zoospores (motile) or by aplanospores (non-motile).
• These spores are endogenously produced in sporangium.
• A zygospore is formed by fusion of two gametes.
• These gametes are similar in morphology (isogamous) or dissimilar (anisogamous or oogamous). 
• Examples are Mucor, Rhizopus (the bread mould mentioned earlier) and Albugo (the parasitic fungi on mustard).

The correct answer is Option 4 i.e. Penicillium.

Explanation-

Ascomycetes, also known as sac fungi, include many important species such as yeasts, molds, and more complex forms. They are named for the ascus, a sac-like structure that contains ascospores, which are typically involved in sexual reproduction. However, they also reproduce asexually in several ways, often using structures like conidia and budding.

Conidia Formation: In many ascomycetes, asexual reproduction occurs through the production of conidia.

• Conidia are non-motile spores produced at the end of specialized hyphae called conidiophores.
• These spores are genetically identical to the parent and can create a new organism without the need for fusion with another spore.
• Ascomycetes like Aspergillus and Penicillium reproduce asexually via conidia.

Penicillium: Penicillium is a genus of fungi that reproduces asexually by forming conidia. These conidia are borne at the tips of special filaments called conidiophores.

• In Penicillium, the conidiophores are brush-like structures with chains of conidia at their tips. The conidia are released into the environment and can germinate into a new mycelium (a mass of hyphae) when conditions are favorable.

Mucor: Mucor is a genus of fungi that often reproduce asexually by producing spores called sporangiospores inside a structure known as a sporangium. 

Albugo: Albugo is a genus of plant-parasitic oomycetes, also known as white rusts. They reproduce asexually by producing sporangia, which can germinate directly into zoospores. The process is slightly different from conidiogenesis but serves a similar purpose.

Yeast: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, commonly known as baker's yeast, primarily reproduces asexually through a process called budding.

Conclusion-

Asexual reproduction by means of Conidia takes place in Penicillium.

Key Points

• Albugo belongs to the Phycomycetes class of the Kingdom Fungi.
• The Kingdom Fungi constitutes unicellular or multicellular, eukaryotes, cosmopolitan, aquatic or terrestrial, heterotrophic organisms.
• Fungi are filamentous and their bodies consist of long, slender thread-like structures called hyphae.
• The network of hyphae is known as mycelium.
• Reproduction in fungi takes place by vegetative means of fragmentation, fission, and budding.
• Asexual reproduction is by conidia spores, sporangiospores, and zoospores, and sexual reproduction is by oospores, ascospores, and basidiospores.
• The morphology of the mycelium, mode of spore formation, and fruiting bodies form the basis for the division of the Kingdom into various classes namely-
  • Phycomycetes
  • Ascomycetes
  • Basidiomycetes
  • Deuteromycetes.

Important Points

• Nutritionally Albugo is an obligate parasite on plants.
• The parasites that entirely depend on a host for their food, shelter, and reproduction are known as obligate parasites.
• It is a parasite distributed all over the world.
• Their hyphae are aseptate, coenocytic, and profusely branched.
• It attacks mostly crucifers like turnips, mustard, radish, cabbage, cauliflower, etc.
• The disease is caused by Albugo commonly referred to as white rust as it appears as shiny, white, smooth, uneven pustules or blisters on the leaves, stems, and other aerial portions of the plants.
• The slow growth of lateral buds, darkening of flowers, distortion of floral parts, sterile gynoecium, etc. are the symptoms of severe infection of Albugo.

Additional Information

• Saprophytes can absorb soluble organic matter from dead substrates. e.g., yeast, Penicillium, Mucor, etc.
• Facultative saprophytes are the organisms that usually feed on live things but can also consume dead organic matter to obtain nourishment. e.g., Phytophthora, Botrytis, etc.

Hence, the correct option is (3) obligate parasite.

The correct answer is A - 3, B - 4, C - 1, D - 2

Explanation:

Fungi are classified based on their morphology and reproduction methods into different classes such as Phycomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, and Deuteromycetes.

• Phycomycetes: This class includes fungi like Mucor and Albugo. They are characterized by their non-septate hyphae and asexual reproduction through sporangiospores.
• Ascomycetes: This class includes fungi such as Penicillium and Neurospora. They are known for their sac-like structures called asci, where spores are produced.
  • Penicillium is a genus of fungi that includes species used in the production of antibiotics like penicillin, which revolutionized medicine by effectively treating bacterial infections.
• Basidiomycetes: This class includes fungi like Puccinia and Ustilago. They produce spores on a club-shaped structure called a basidium.
  • Ustilago species are fungi that cause smut diseases in plants, which leads to the formation of dark, powdery spores.
  • Puccinia species are pathogenic fungi responsible for rust diseases in plants, which are characterized by the appearance of reddish or brownish pustules on leaves and stems.
• Deuteromycetes: Also known as imperfect fungi, this class includes fungi such as Alternaria and Trichoderma. They are characterized by the absence of a sexual reproductive stage in their life cycle.
  • Trichoderma species are beneficial fungi known for their role in decomposing organic matter, promoting soil health, and sometimes acting as biocontrol agents against plant pathogens.

Therefore,

• A. Ustilago 3. Smut fungi
• B. Trichoderma 4. Decomposers
• C. Penicillium 1. Antibiotic source
• D. Puccinia 2. Rust Causing

Concept:

• Fungi constitute a unique kingdom of heterotrophic organisms.
• Fungi show a great diversity in morphology and habitat.
• Fungi are cosmopolitan and occur in air, water, soil, animals, and plants.
• The study of fungi is Mycology.

Kingdom Fungi is divided into various Classes which are as follows:

• Phycomycetes E.g.: Rhizopus
• Ascomycetes E.g.: Penicillium
• Basidiomycetes E.g.: Puccinia
• Deuteromycetes E.g.: Trichoderma

Explanation:

Phycomycetes:

• The mycelium is aseptate and coenocytic.
• Asexual reproduction takes place by zoospores (motile) or by aplanospores (non-motile).
• These spores are endogenously produced in sporangium.

Ascomycetes:

• Mycelium is branched and septate.
• The asexual spores are conidia produced exogenously on the special mycelium called conidiophores.
• Conidia on germination produce mycelium.
• Sexual spores are called ascospores which are produced endogenously in sac-like asci (singular ascus).

Basidiomycetes:

• The mycelium is branched and septate.
• The asexual spores are generally not found, but vegetative reproduction by fragmentation is common.
• The sex organs are absent, but plasmogamy is brought about by fusion of two vegetative or somatic cells of different strains or genotypes.

Deuteromycetes:

• Deuteromycetes are also called anamorphic fungi.
• It is fungi (kingdom Fungi) in which a true sexual state is uncommon or unknown.
• Many of these fungi reproduce asexually by spores (conidia or oidia) or by budding.

So, the correct answer is option 2,  Ascomycetes.

correct answer is Fungi.

Key Points

• Mycology is the study of fungus organisms that cause disease in humans.
• Mycology also has important applications in the dairy, wine, and baking industries and in the production of dyes and inks..
• study of fungi  includes the mushrooms and yeasts..
• Mycology helps to differentiate between useful and harmful fungi and how the crops with fungal infections can be treated.

Additional Information

• Mycological research has led to the development of such antibiotic drugs as penicillin, streptomycin, and tetracycline, as well as other drugs, including statins (cholesterol-lowering drugs). 
• Fungi can also breakdown complex substances to produce carbon dioxide.
• Yeast is another form of fungi which is used in brewing, distilling and bread making.
• Fungi act as major pests for many crops but also live in symbiotic association with many plants and provide them with nutrition and water.

Important Points

• The study of algae is called phycology. 
• Virology is the study of viruses and virus-like agents
• The study of bacteria is known as bacteriology.

The correct answer is Presence of cell wall.
Explanation:

Bacteria, mosses (bryophytes), and fungi all share the characteristic of having a cell wall.

Mode of nutrition:

• Bacteria, mosses, and fungi can have different modes of nutrition. Bacteria can be autotrophic (producing their own food) or heterotrophic (obtaining nutrients from other sources).
• Mosses are primarily autotrophic, while fungi are heterotrophic, obtaining nutrients through absorption.

Presence of cell wall:

• All bacteria have a cell wall composed of peptidoglycan, which provides structural support and protection.
• Mosses have cell walls composed of cellulose, which also provides structural support.
• Fungi have cell walls composed of chitin, a complex polysaccharide, which gives them structural rigidity and protection.

Autotrophic:

• Autotrophic organisms are those that can produce their own food using sunlight or inorganic compounds. While some bacteria and mosses can be autotrophic, fungi are primarily heterotrophic, obtaining nutrients from organic matter in their environment.

Body Organization:

• Bacteria are unicellular organisms with a simple body organization.
• Mosses are non-vascular plants with a more complex body organization, including stem-like structures (stems) and leaf-like structures (leaves), although they lack true roots and vascular tissues.
• Fungi can be unicellular (yeasts) or multicellular (mushrooms, molds), and they have a more complex body organization compared to bacteria but lack the differentiated tissues found in higher plants.

In summary, the presence of a cell wall is a characteristic shared by bacteria, mosses, and fungi. Therefore, Presence of cell wall is the correct answer.

Concept:

• Organisms belonging to Kingdom Fungi are multicellular organisms except for yeast which is unicellular.
•  Fungi are eukaryotic organisms.
• These are mainly heterotrophic organisms and obtain their food by absorbing nutrients from organic matter (hence called saprophytes).
• The body of the fungi consists of long, slender thread-like structures called hyphae. The network of hyphae is known as mycelium.
• Fungi reproduce by both sexual and asexual means

Kingdom Fungi is divided into various Classes which are as follows:

• Phycomycetes E.g.: Mucor
• Ascomycetes E.g.: Fusarium
• Basidiomycetes E.g.: Agaricus
• Deuteromycetes E.g.: Aspergillus niger

Explanation:

DIKARYOTISATION:

• In fungi, sexual reproduction gives rise to spores like oospores, ascospores, and basidiospores.
• These spores are produced in distinct structures called fruiting bodies.
• Sexual reproduction in fungi involves the following three steps: Plasmogamy, Kayogamy, and Meiosis.
  • Plasmogamy involves the fusion of protoplasms between two motile or non-motile gametes.
  • Karyogamy involves the fusion of two nuclei.
  • Meiosis occurs in the zygote which gives rise to haploid spores.
• During sexual reproduction, two compatible mating types of haploid hyphae come together and fuse.
• The fusion of two haploid (n) cells gives rise to a diploid cell (2n). 
• However, in some fungi like Agaricus (Basidiomycetes), an intervening stage occurs. This stage is called the dikaryotic stage.
• In this stage, the two haploid cells (n) do not fuse immediately. As a result, each cell contains two nuclei (n + n).
• This condition is called a dikaryon and the phase is called dikaryophase.
• A dikaryon is formed by the fusion of two somatic hyphae of different strains.
• To ensure that each cell during the dikaryotic stage is binucleate a clamp connection is formed.
• Later the fungi form fruiting bodies which by meiosis (reduction division) gives rise to haploid spores.

Thus Dikaryotisation (n + n) in Agaricus is brought about by both clamp connections and somatogamay between two hyphae of different strains. 

So the correct answer is option 4 [Both (1) and (2) are correct].

The correct answer is Only Statements 1 and 3

Explanation:

Characteristics of Phycomycetes:

• Found in aquatic habitats and on decaying wood in moist and damp places or as obligate parasites on plants.
• The mycelium is aseptate and coenocytic.
• Asexual reproduction takes place by zoospores (motile) or by aplanospores (non-motile).
• These spores are endogenously produced in sporangium.
• A zygospore is formed by fusion of two gametes.
• These gametes are similar in morphology (isogamous) or dissimilar (anisogamous or oogamous). 
• Examples are Mucor, Rhizopus (the bread mould mentioned earlier) and Albugo (the parasitic fungi on mustard).

The correct answer is Option 4 i.e. Penicillium.

Explanation-

Ascomycetes, also known as sac fungi, include many important species such as yeasts, molds, and more complex forms. They are named for the ascus, a sac-like structure that contains ascospores, which are typically involved in sexual reproduction. However, they also reproduce asexually in several ways, often using structures like conidia and budding.

Conidia Formation: In many ascomycetes, asexual reproduction occurs through the production of conidia.

• Conidia are non-motile spores produced at the end of specialized hyphae called conidiophores.
• These spores are genetically identical to the parent and can create a new organism without the need for fusion with another spore.
• Ascomycetes like Aspergillus and Penicillium reproduce asexually via conidia.

Penicillium: Penicillium is a genus of fungi that reproduces asexually by forming conidia. These conidia are borne at the tips of special filaments called conidiophores.

• In Penicillium, the conidiophores are brush-like structures with chains of conidia at their tips. The conidia are released into the environment and can germinate into a new mycelium (a mass of hyphae) when conditions are favorable.

Mucor: Mucor is a genus of fungi that often reproduce asexually by producing spores called sporangiospores inside a structure known as a sporangium. 

Albugo: Albugo is a genus of plant-parasitic oomycetes, also known as white rusts. They reproduce asexually by producing sporangia, which can germinate directly into zoospores. The process is slightly different from conidiogenesis but serves a similar purpose.

Yeast: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, commonly known as baker's yeast, primarily reproduces asexually through a process called budding.

Conclusion-

Asexual reproduction by means of Conidia takes place in Penicillium.