Introducing Sociology MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Introducing Sociology - Download Free PDF

Key Points

• Compassion is an essential aspect of social awareness, enabling individuals to connect with others' emotions and experiences.
• It helps in building trust and stronger interpersonal relationships.
• Compassion involves understanding and taking action to alleviate the suffering of others.
• It is a critical skill in emotional intelligence and plays a role in effective communication and conflict resolution.

Additional Information

• Unconscientiousness: This term refers to a lack of conscientiousness, which means being careless, irresponsible, or not thorough. People who are unconscientious are less likely to display empathy or social awareness.
• Selfishness: Selfishness is the quality of being concerned excessively with one's own needs and desires, often at the expense of others. It is the opposite of empathy and compassion, which are other-focused qualities.
• Perseverance: Perseverance refers to persistence and determination in achieving goals despite difficulties or obstacles. While it is an admirable quality, it is not directly related to social awareness or empathy

The correct answer is - Urban Planning

Key Points

• Urban Planning
  • Patrick Geddes is renowned for his pioneering work in the field of Urban Planning in India.
  • He introduced the concept of regional planning and emphasized the importance of understanding the social context of urban development.
  • Geddes' urban planning principles focused on improving the quality of life through thoughtful design and consideration of local cultural and environmental factors.

Additional Information

• Patrick Geddes' Contributions
  • Geddes introduced survey-based planning where he studied existing conditions before making planning decisions.
  • He emphasized the importance of educational and community facilities in urban areas.
  • His work in India included planning projects in cities like Madras (Chennai), Bombay (Mumbai), and Calcutta (Kolkata).
• Urban Planning Principles
  • Urban planning involves the design and regulation of the use of space within cities, focusing on the physical, social, and economic development of urban areas.
  • Key aspects include land use planning, infrastructure development, and ensuring sustainable growth.
  • Planners work to create environments that are safe, functional, and aesthetically pleasing.

The correct answer is - C.W. Mills

Key Points

• C.W. Mills
  • Charles Wright Mills was a prominent American sociologist who introduced the concept of the sociological imagination.
  • The term "sociological imagination" refers to the ability to see the relationship between individual experiences and larger social forces.
  • Mills argued that sociology helps us understand how personal troubles (individual challenges) are linked to public issues (broader societal problems).
  • This perspective allows individuals to place their personal experiences within a wider social and historical context.

Additional Information

• Personal Troubles vs. Public Issues
  • Personal troubles are private problems experienced within the character of the individual and the range of their immediate relations with others.
  • Public issues are problems that transcend the individual and are collective interests or values felt to be threatened.
  • For example, unemployment can be viewed as a personal trouble for an individual, but when large numbers of people are unemployed, it becomes a public issue that requires societal intervention.
• Sociological Imagination
  • The sociological imagination enables us to grasp history and biography and the relations between the two within society.
  • It is a critical tool for understanding how societal structures impact individual lives and vice versa.
  • This concept encourages a deeper understanding of how societal norms, policies, and institutions influence personal experiences.

A and C only is the correct answer.Important Points

• Fantasy city is a type of city in which great emphasis is placed on creating a spectacle, especially for consumption, leisure and tourism.
• Megacities are cities with populations greater than 10 million people.
• Metropolis is a large, powerful and culturally influential urban area consisting of a central city and surrounding suburbs.

Additional Information

• Edge city is a suburban area with a high concentration of office buildings, retail centers, and entertainment venues.
• Megalopolis is a vast urban region formed by the merging of multiple metropolitan areas.

Key Points

• Bronislaw Malinowski was a Polish anthropologist known for his work in fieldwork methodology.
• He is considered one of the founding figures of modern social anthropology.
• Malinowski's work emphasized the importance of participant observation in the field.
• His book "Argonauts of the Western Pacific" is a seminal work in anthropology, focusing on the Trobriand Islanders.

Additional Information

• Talcott Parsons: An American sociologist known for his theory of action and the development of the concept of social systems and structural functionalism.
• Emile Durkheim: A French sociologist considered one of the principal architects of modern social science and known for his theories on social facts, collective consciousness, and anomie.
• Simone de Beauvoir: A French existentialist philosopher, feminist, and social theorist known for her work on existentialism and feminism, particularly her book "The Second Sex."

In Indian context, increase in slum population depicts an extension of rural poverty.Important Points

• A slum is a highly populated urban residential area consisting of densely packed housing units of weak build quality and often associated with poverty.
• The infrastructure in slums is often deteriorated or incomplete, and they are primarily inhabited by impoverished people.

Additional Information

• Rural-to-urban migration is when people move, either temporarily or permanently, from a rural area to an urban city.
• The push factors of rural to urban migration are lack of job facilities, low salary, less income, drought, less medical and educational facilities for rural to urban migration.

Wangari Mathai got the Nobel Prize for Peace in 2004 for her contribution to Sustainable Development, Democracy, and Peace.

Important Points

• Wangari Mathai was a Kenyan environmental activist and Nobel peace prize laureate.
• She founded the Green Belt Movement, an organization focused on tree planting and environmental conservation, as well as promoting women's rights and democracy in Kenya.
• Mathai was the first African woman to win a Nobel Peace Prize in 2004.​

Additional Information

• Anil Agarwal was an Indian environmentalist who was also the founder of the Centre for Science and Environment.
• M.C. Mehta is an Indian lawyer who has fought multiple cases related to environmental issues.
• Sundarlal Bahuguna is an Indian environmentalist and social activist who is associated with the Chipko Movement. 

Option 4) A, C, and E is the correct answer.Important Points

• Fantasy city is a type of city in which great emphasis is placed on creating a spectacle, especially for consumption, leisure and tourism.
• Megacities are cities with populations greater than 10 million people.
• Metropolis is a large, powerful and culturally influential urban area consisting of a central city and surrounding suburbs.

Additional Information

• Edge city is a suburban area with a high concentration of office buildings, retail centers, and entertainment venues.
• Megalopolis is a vast urban region formed by the merging of multiple metropolitan areas.

The correct answer is Socialization. Key Points

• Socialization is a way through which society transmits its culture from generation to generation and maintains itself.
• It is a process by which an individual learns social behavior and develops himself.
• Socialization takes place at three levels:
  • The Primary stage involves the socialization of the young child in the family.
  • The Secondary Stage involves the school.
  • The Third Stage is adult socialization.

Additional Information

•  Institutionalization is the process of embedding some conception within an organization, social system, or society as a whole.
• Structuration is a social theory by Anthony Giddens, including Structure and Agency. All social action involves structure and all structure involves social action.
• Alienation is a concept given by Karl Marx that refers to a strange feeling of non-belongingness, estrangement, being out of place, or frustration.

Thus, A biological being is transformed into a social being with the help of Socialization.

The correct answer is What is.
Key Points

• Sociology is a body of Knowledge which deals with what is society.
• It tries to study human interactions with each other and with the society as a whole, and creating interrelationships between them.
• Thus it ought to study What is rather than  what should be.

Additional Information

• What is Right or wrong is dealt by Ethics study, which generates and differentiates between right and wrong.

The correct answer is (a) - (ii), (b) - (i), (c) - (iv), (d) - (iii)

Key Points

•  Positivism:
  • ​The origin of positivism as a well-established philosophy can be accredited to French philosopher August Comte in 1830.
  • Its main purpose was to distinguish science from metaphysics and religion.
  • It emphasized science and the scientific method as the only source of knowledge.
  • August Comte published a book with the title 'The Course of Positive Philosophy'.
• ​Organic Analogy:
  • ​Herbert Spencer is popularly known for his treatment of the organic analogy. 
  • The evolutionary doctrine was no doubt the foundation of Spencer’s sociological theory. 
  • He, however, presented the organic analogy, as a secondary doctrine which also played a vital role in his thought system.
  • He established the hypothesis that society, is like a biological organism and then proceeded to defend it against all objections with great logical force.
• Verstehen:
  • ​As one of the founding fathers of sociology, Max Weber created the term 'Verstehen’ which refers to the basic understanding of why people do the things they do. 
  • Weber believed that understanding why people do the things they do is the basic building block of sociology, a concept he termed 'Verstehen'.
  • He believed that sociologists should not just study a group of people but also try to gain an empathetic understanding for the individuals in that group.
• Social fact:
  • According to Emile Durkheim, sociology is the study of social facts. 
  • Social facts are things that are external to an individual and constrain their behaviour. 
  • They are general in nature, which means that they are collective representations of social behaviour of a group of people. 

  • Social institutions like law, education and religion also constitute social facts along with beliefs, feelings and collective practices. 

 Therefore, the correct answer is - (a) - (ii), (b) - (i), (c) - (iv), (d) - (iii)

Key Points

• Compassion is an essential aspect of social awareness, enabling individuals to connect with others' emotions and experiences.
• It helps in building trust and stronger interpersonal relationships.
• Compassion involves understanding and taking action to alleviate the suffering of others.
• It is a critical skill in emotional intelligence and plays a role in effective communication and conflict resolution.

Additional Information

• Unconscientiousness: This term refers to a lack of conscientiousness, which means being careless, irresponsible, or not thorough. People who are unconscientious are less likely to display empathy or social awareness.
• Selfishness: Selfishness is the quality of being concerned excessively with one's own needs and desires, often at the expense of others. It is the opposite of empathy and compassion, which are other-focused qualities.
• Perseverance: Perseverance refers to persistence and determination in achieving goals despite difficulties or obstacles. While it is an admirable quality, it is not directly related to social awareness or empathy

The correct answer is - Urban Planning

Key Points

• Urban Planning
  • Patrick Geddes is renowned for his pioneering work in the field of Urban Planning in India.
  • He introduced the concept of regional planning and emphasized the importance of understanding the social context of urban development.
  • Geddes' urban planning principles focused on improving the quality of life through thoughtful design and consideration of local cultural and environmental factors.

Additional Information

• Patrick Geddes' Contributions
  • Geddes introduced survey-based planning where he studied existing conditions before making planning decisions.
  • He emphasized the importance of educational and community facilities in urban areas.
  • His work in India included planning projects in cities like Madras (Chennai), Bombay (Mumbai), and Calcutta (Kolkata).
• Urban Planning Principles
  • Urban planning involves the design and regulation of the use of space within cities, focusing on the physical, social, and economic development of urban areas.
  • Key aspects include land use planning, infrastructure development, and ensuring sustainable growth.
  • Planners work to create environments that are safe, functional, and aesthetically pleasing.

The correct answer is Emile Durkheim.

• He is most well known as the author of On the Division of Social Labor, The Rules of Sociological Method, Suicide, and The Elementary Forms of Religious Life.
• However, Durkheim also published a voluminous number of articles and reviews and has had several of his lecture courses published posthumously.

Important Points

1. According to Durkheim, the scope of sociology can be divided into three divisions or fields of study. They are social morphology, social physiology, and general sociology.
2. Emile Durkheim used the term in sociology to classify the substratum of society, the structural relationship between people.
3. This classification was based on how the different types of human populations are distributed and organized across the world.
4. This is known as social morphology and it is one of Durkheim’s approaches to studying society.

Hence, Emile Durkheim divided sociology into three divisions. I.e. Socio morphology, Socio psychology, and General psychology.

Option 2) B, C, E, D, A is the correct answer.

Important Points

• According to the Census 2011, Tamil Nadu had 48.4% people living in the urban regions.
• Gujarat had an urbanization level of 43% according to the same census report.
• Census 2011 stated that Punjab had an urban population of 37.49% people. 
• Haryana had 34.8% of people living in the urban regions according to the same census.
• 10.03% of people living in the urban areas of Himachal Pradesh according to the Census 2011.

Additional Information

•  According to the Census 2011, the urban percentage in India was accounted to be 31.1%.
• The rural-urban distribution in the country was 68.8% and 31.2% respectively.