Digestion and Absorption of Food MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Digestion and Absorption of Food - Download Free PDF

The Correct answer is Increased saliva and digestion.

Key Points

• Chewing food thoroughly stimulates the production of saliva, which contains enzymes like amylase and lipase that aid in the breakdown of carbohydrates and fats.
• Saliva not only helps in digestion but also moistens the food, forming a bolus, which makes it easier to swallow and pass through the esophagus.
• Proper chewing enhances the breakdown of food into smaller particles, which increases the surface area for digestive enzymes to act upon in the stomach and intestines, improving overall digestion.
• Mindful eating, which involves chewing thoroughly, allows the brain to register satiety signals, reducing the likelihood of overeating and supporting healthy weight management.
• Chewing thoroughly reduces the risk of indigestion and bloating as it ensures food is adequately processed before it reaches the stomach.
• It promotes better absorption of nutrients by ensuring the food is broken down effectively, facilitating easier digestion and assimilation in the small intestine.
• Chewing stimulates the production of gastric juices in the stomach, further aiding the digestive process.
• Mindful eating and thorough chewing can also enhance the sensory experience of eating, allowing individuals to savor flavors, textures, and aromas more deeply.

Additional Information

• Faster eating
  • Faster eating often leads to overeating because the brain does not have enough time to process satiety signals, resulting in delayed recognition of fullness.
  • It can cause digestive issues like bloating, gas, and indigestion because food is not adequately chewed.
• Increased calorie intake
  • Chewing food thoroughly during mindful eating generally helps reduce calorie intake as it promotes a sense of fullness, contrary to this option.
  • Increased calorie intake is often associated with unmindful or rushed eating practices.
• Reduced nutrient absorption
  • Chewing food thoroughly actually enhances nutrient absorption because it facilitates better digestion and breakdown of food particles.
  • Reduced nutrient absorption can occur if food is swallowed without proper chewing, leading to incomplete digestion.

The correct answer is Villi.

Key Points

• Villi are small, finger-like projections found in the small intestine.
• They increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients.
• Each villus contains a network of capillaries and a lymph vessel to aid in nutrient absorption.
• The epithelial cells on the villi have microvilli, which further increase the surface area.

Important Points

• The primary function of villi is to absorb nutrients from the chyme passing through the small intestine.
• Villi are covered with epithelial cells which are specialized for nutrient absorption.
• The capillaries within the villi transport absorbed nutrients to the liver via the hepatic portal vein.
• The lymph vessels, or lacteals, within the villi are responsible for absorbing fatty acids and glycerol.

Additional Information

• Cortex: The cortex is the outer layer of an organ or structure, such as the brain or kidney, not related to the structure of the small intestine.
• Cristae: Cristae are the folds in the inner membrane of mitochondria, involved in cellular respiration, not part of the small intestine.
• Pili: Pili are hair-like structures on the surface of bacteria, aiding in attachment to surfaces, not related to the small intestine.

The correct answer is Ileo - caecal valve

Explanation:

• The backflow of undigested and unabsorbed substances from the cecum into the small intestine is prevented by the ileocecal valve.
• This valve is located at the junction between the ileum (the last portion of the small intestine) and the cecum (the beginning of the large intestine).
• The ileocecal valve functions as a one-way valve, ensuring that the contents move in a forward direction from the small intestine into the large intestine, thereby preventing any potential backflow that could disrupt the digestive process.

The correct answer is Epiglottis.

Key Points

• The epiglottis is a flap of cartilage positioned in the throat behind the tongue and in front of the larynx.
• Its main function is to prevent the entry of food into the glottis opening of the windpipe during swallowing.
• During breathing, it stays open, allowing air into the larynx.
• It originates at the entrance of the larynx and is attached to the hyoid bone.
• Afterward, it projects upwards and backward behind the tongue.
• The space is present between the epiglottis and the tongue termed as, vallecula.

The correct answer is Villi.

Key Points

• Small structures on the inner surface of the small intestine that help absorb digested food are called villi.
• These work to increase the surface area of the intestinal walls.
• These are found in the inner walls of the small intestine.

Additional Information

• ​Nutrition in humans takes place through the human digestive system.
• It consists of the alimentary canal and its associated glands.
• The various organs found in the human digestive system are in this order –
  • Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine and Large Intestine.
• The small intestine is the largest part of the alimentary canal.
• Glands present in the walls of the small intestine secrete intestinal juice.
• Intestinal juices contains a variety of enzymes that complete the complete digestion of complex carbohydrates into glucose.
  • Proteins into amino acids and fats into fatty acids and glycerol.

The correct answer is Villi.

Key Points

• Small structures on the inner surface of the small intestine that help absorb digested food are called villi.
• These work to increase the surface area of the intestinal walls.
• These are found in the inner walls of the small intestine.

Additional Information

• ​Nutrition in humans takes place through the human digestive system.
• It consists of the alimentary canal and its associated glands.
• The various organs found in the human digestive system are in this order –
  • Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine and Large Intestine.
• The small intestine is the largest part of the alimentary canal.
• Glands present in the walls of the small intestine secrete intestinal juice.
• Intestinal juices contains a variety of enzymes that complete the complete digestion of complex carbohydrates into glucose.
  • Proteins into amino acids and fats into fatty acids and glycerol.

The correct answer is Epiglottis.

Key Points

• The epiglottis is a flap of cartilage positioned in the throat behind the tongue and in front of the larynx.
• Its main function is to prevent the entry of food into the glottis opening of the windpipe during swallowing.
• During breathing, it stays open, allowing air into the larynx.
• It originates at the entrance of the larynx and is attached to the hyoid bone.
• Afterward, it projects upwards and backward behind the tongue.
• The space is present between the epiglottis and the tongue termed as, vallecula.

Concept:

• Digestion is defined as the process of breaking down complex food particles into simpler, soluble chemical compounds which are then used as nutrients by the body. 
• Digestion is accomplished by mechanical and chemical processes.
• The digestive system consists of the alimentary canal and associated digestive glands, including salivary glands, liver, and pancreas.
• Various digestive enzymes, digestive juices, and acids together help to digest food.
• Succus entericus is a mixer of various digestive enzymes, present in the duodenum wall.

Key Points

• Succus entericus contains a variety of enzymes like disaccharidases, dipeptidases, lipases, nucleosidases, etc.
• Succus entericus is secreted by the crypts of Lieberkuhn.
• The secretions of the brush border cells of the intestinal mucosa along with the secretions of the Goblet cells constitute succus entericus.
• Succus entericus acts in an alkaline medium and its pH is 7.8.
• It protects the duodenum by balancing the highly acidic and proteolytic chyme that travels from the stomach into the small intestine.
• The enzymes in the succus entericus act on the disaccharides, dipeptides, monoglycerides, diglycerides, and nucleosides to form respective simpler adsorbable forms.

Additional Information

• Insulin is a peptide hormone secreted by β-cells of the pancreas which plays an important role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis.
• A mucus is a slippery protective substance that is secreted from different areas in the body, such as the mouth, nose, throat, stomach, intestine, etc.

Hence, the correct option is (4) a variety of enzymes.

The correct answer is Villi.

Key Points

• Small structures on the inner surface of the small intestine that help absorb digested food are called villi.
• These work to increase the surface area of the intestinal walls.
• These are found in the inner walls of the small intestine.

Additional Information

• ​Nutrition in humans takes place through the human digestive system.
• It consists of the alimentary canal and its associated glands.
• The various organs found in the human digestive system are in this order –
  • Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine and Large Intestine.
• The small intestine is the largest part of the alimentary canal.
• Glands present in the walls of the small intestine secrete intestinal juice.
• Intestinal juices contains a variety of enzymes that complete the complete digestion of complex carbohydrates into glucose.
  • Proteins into amino acids and fats into fatty acids and glycerol.

The correct answer is Epiglottis.

Key Points

• The epiglottis is a flap of cartilage positioned in the throat behind the tongue and in front of the larynx.
• Its main function is to prevent the entry of food into the glottis opening of the windpipe during swallowing.
• During breathing, it stays open, allowing air into the larynx.
• It originates at the entrance of the larynx and is attached to the hyoid bone.
• Afterward, it projects upwards and backward behind the tongue.
• The space is present between the epiglottis and the tongue termed as, vallecula.

The correct answer is Ileo - caecal valve

Explanation:

• The backflow of undigested and unabsorbed substances from the cecum into the small intestine is prevented by the ileocecal valve.
• This valve is located at the junction between the ileum (the last portion of the small intestine) and the cecum (the beginning of the large intestine).
• The ileocecal valve functions as a one-way valve, ensuring that the contents move in a forward direction from the small intestine into the large intestine, thereby preventing any potential backflow that could disrupt the digestive process.

The correct answer is Epiglottis.

Key Points

• The epiglottis is a flap of cartilage positioned in the throat behind the tongue and in front of the larynx.
• Its main function is to prevent the entry of food into the glottis opening of the windpipe during swallowing.
• During breathing, it stays open, allowing air into the larynx.
• It originates at the entrance of the larynx and is attached to the hyoid bone.
• Afterward, it projects upwards and backward behind the tongue.
• The space is present between the epiglottis and the tongue termed as, vallecula.

Concept:

• Digestion is defined as the process of breaking down complex food particles into simpler, soluble chemical compounds which are then used as nutrients by the body. 
• Digestion is accomplished by mechanical and chemical processes.
• The digestive system consists of the alimentary canal and associated digestive glands, including salivary glands, liver, and pancreas.
• Various digestive enzymes, digestive juices, and acids together help to digest food.
• Succus entericus is a mixer of various digestive enzymes, present in the duodenum wall.

Key Points

• Succus entericus contains a variety of enzymes like disaccharidases, dipeptidases, lipases, nucleosidases, etc.
• Succus entericus is secreted by the crypts of Lieberkuhn.
• The secretions of the brush border cells of the intestinal mucosa along with the secretions of the Goblet cells constitute succus entericus.
• Succus entericus acts in an alkaline medium and its pH is 7.8.
• It protects the duodenum by balancing the highly acidic and proteolytic chyme that travels from the stomach into the small intestine.
• The enzymes in the succus entericus act on the disaccharides, dipeptides, monoglycerides, diglycerides, and nucleosides to form respective simpler adsorbable forms.

Additional Information

• Insulin is a peptide hormone secreted by β-cells of the pancreas which plays an important role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis.
• A mucus is a slippery protective substance that is secreted from different areas in the body, such as the mouth, nose, throat, stomach, intestine, etc.

Hence, the correct option is (4) a variety of enzymes.

The correct answer is Villi.

Key Points

• Small structures on the inner surface of the small intestine that help absorb digested food are called villi.
• These work to increase the surface area of the intestinal walls.
• These are found in the inner walls of the small intestine.

Additional Information

• ​Nutrition in humans takes place through the human digestive system.
• It consists of the alimentary canal and its associated glands.
• The various organs found in the human digestive system are in this order –
  • Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine and Large Intestine.
• The small intestine is the largest part of the alimentary canal.
• Glands present in the walls of the small intestine secrete intestinal juice.
• Intestinal juices contains a variety of enzymes that complete the complete digestion of complex carbohydrates into glucose.
  • Proteins into amino acids and fats into fatty acids and glycerol.

The Correct answer is Increased saliva and digestion.

Key Points

• Chewing food thoroughly stimulates the production of saliva, which contains enzymes like amylase and lipase that aid in the breakdown of carbohydrates and fats.
• Saliva not only helps in digestion but also moistens the food, forming a bolus, which makes it easier to swallow and pass through the esophagus.
• Proper chewing enhances the breakdown of food into smaller particles, which increases the surface area for digestive enzymes to act upon in the stomach and intestines, improving overall digestion.
• Mindful eating, which involves chewing thoroughly, allows the brain to register satiety signals, reducing the likelihood of overeating and supporting healthy weight management.
• Chewing thoroughly reduces the risk of indigestion and bloating as it ensures food is adequately processed before it reaches the stomach.
• It promotes better absorption of nutrients by ensuring the food is broken down effectively, facilitating easier digestion and assimilation in the small intestine.
• Chewing stimulates the production of gastric juices in the stomach, further aiding the digestive process.
• Mindful eating and thorough chewing can also enhance the sensory experience of eating, allowing individuals to savor flavors, textures, and aromas more deeply.

Additional Information

• Faster eating
  • Faster eating often leads to overeating because the brain does not have enough time to process satiety signals, resulting in delayed recognition of fullness.
  • It can cause digestive issues like bloating, gas, and indigestion because food is not adequately chewed.
• Increased calorie intake
  • Chewing food thoroughly during mindful eating generally helps reduce calorie intake as it promotes a sense of fullness, contrary to this option.
  • Increased calorie intake is often associated with unmindful or rushed eating practices.
• Reduced nutrient absorption
  • Chewing food thoroughly actually enhances nutrient absorption because it facilitates better digestion and breakdown of food particles.
  • Reduced nutrient absorption can occur if food is swallowed without proper chewing, leading to incomplete digestion.