Critical Reasoning MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Critical Reasoning - Download Free PDF

Key Points

• A) Moral judgments should primarily focus on the intentions of the agent.
  • This weakens the argument because it shifts the focus away from consequences, but it does not directly address the concept of distinguishing between intended and unintended consequences.
• B) The consequences of an action are always relevant to moral evaluation.
  • This supports the argument, as moral luck is inherently tied to the consequences of actions.
• C) Individuals should only be held responsible for outcomes they could reasonably foresee and control.
  • This aligns with the argument, reinforcing the notion that moral judgments should be based on factors within an agent's control.
• D) Legal systems consistently distinguish between intended and unintended consequences.
  • This directly weakens the argument because it suggests that moral judgments can and should differentiate between outcomes based on intention and control, which undermines the concept of moral luck.

Additional Information

• Option 1: Incorrect because it weakens the argument indirectly but does not address the core claim about moral luck.
• Option 2: Incorrect because it supports the idea that consequences are relevant to moral evaluation, reinforcing the argument.
• Option 3: Incorrect because it aligns with the argument's focus on control and foreseeability.
• Option 4: Correct because it directly challenges the notion that moral luck complicates moral judgments by highlighting the distinction between intended and unintended consequences in legal systems.

Key Points

• Meaning is not inherent in signs and symbols themselves.
  • The passage explicitly states that semiotics highlights the arbitrary nature of many signs. This implies that meaning is not inherently tied to the signs themselves but is constructed through interpretation.
• Communication is not always straightforward or unambiguous.
  • The passage discusses the active role of the interpreter in constructing meaning, which suggests that communication may be open to multiple interpretations rather than being unambiguous.
• Humans actively engage in the interpretation of signs and symbols.
  • This can be inferred from the passage, as it emphasizes the active role of the interpreter in meaning-making. This is a key assumption of the argument.
• There is not a universal system of meaning that transcends cultural differences.
  • The passage highlights that meaning-making is governed by different codes and conventions in various cultures and contexts, implying that meaning is not universal.

Additional Information

• Option 1: Incorrect because the passage explicitly states that the nature of signs is arbitrary, meaning is not inherent.
• Option 2: Incorrect because communication is not always straightforward, as implied by the active role of interpreters.
• Option 4: Incorrect because the passage suggests cultural differences in meaning-making, contradicting the idea of a universal system.

Key Points

• A) New experimental evidence has contradicted the predictions of quantum field theory.
  • This weakens the main idea of the passage, as it suggests that quantum field theory might not be reliable.
• B) Quantum field theory has successfully predicted the existence of previously unknown particles.
  • This strengthens the main idea of the passage, as it highlights the predictive success of quantum field theory in explaining particle physics.
• C) Classical physics provides a more accurate description of fundamental particles and forces.
  • This contradicts the main idea of the passage, which emphasizes the success of quantum field theory over classical physics.
• D) There are alternative theoretical frameworks that offer equally compelling explanations of particle physics.
  • This challenges the main idea of the passage, as it implies that quantum field theory is not uniquely successful.

Additional Information

• Option 1: Incorrect because it contradicts the predictive success of quantum field theory.
• Option 3: Incorrect because classical physics does not provide a more accurate description than quantum field theory.
• Option 4: Incorrect because alternative frameworks do not strengthen the success of quantum field theory.
• Option 5: Not provided in the question and hence not relevant.

Key Points

• 1) Historical accounts are always objective and unbiased.
  • This cannot be inferred from the passage. The passage explicitly discusses how historical memory is shaped by cultural narratives, political agendas, and social identities, indicating that historical accounts are not always objective or unbiased.
• 2) The way societies remember the past can have significant social and political consequences.
  • This can be inferred from the passage. The passage highlights that contested memories can lead to social tensions and political conflicts, showing the significant consequences of how societies remember the past.
• 3) There is always a single, definitive version of historical events.
  • This cannot be inferred from the passage. The passage mentions "contested memories" and conflicting interpretations, indicating that there is not always a single, definitive version of historical events.
• 4) Disagreements about the past are irrelevant to present-day society.
  • This cannot be inferred from the passage. The passage explicitly states that contested memories can lead to social and political conflicts, making disagreements about the past highly relevant to present-day society.

Additional Information

• Option 1: Incorrect because the passage implies that historical accounts are shaped by various factors, making them subjective rather than always objective and unbiased.
• Option 3: Incorrect because the passage discusses multiple interpretations of historical events, disproving the idea of a single, definitive version.
• Option 4: Incorrect because the passage shows that disagreements about the past are very relevant to present-day society.

Key Points

• 1) Students learn best when they are presented with a large amount of information at once.
  • This cannot be inferred from the passage. The passage emphasizes the importance of minimizing extraneous cognitive load, which suggests that overwhelming learners with too much information is not effective.
• 2) Effective teaching strategies should aim to reduce unnecessary mental demands on learners.
  • This can be inferred from the passage. The concept of minimizing extraneous cognitive load, as mentioned in the passage, directly supports this conclusion.
• 3) Working memory has an unlimited capacity for processing information.
  • This cannot be inferred from the passage. The passage explicitly states that working memory has a limited capacity, which can be overloaded by high cognitive load.
• 4) All forms of mental effort equally contribute to effective learning.
  • This cannot be inferred from the passage. The passage distinguishes between extraneous cognitive load and germane cognitive load, highlighting that not all mental effort is equally beneficial for learning.

Additional Information

• Option 1: Incorrect because presenting a large amount of information at once can increase cognitive load, which impairs learning.
• Option 3: Incorrect because the passage explicitly states that working memory has a limited capacity.
• Option 4: Incorrect because the passage differentiates between types of cognitive load, indicating that not all mental effort equally aids learning.

An office can be in an open place, so an office doesn’t always have a roof.

An office can be of small scale, so car is not a thing that an office always has.

It is not necessary for an office to have a kitchen.

A person going in the battlefield should have a Weapon but battlefield always has soldiers.
Hence, Soldiers is the correct answer. 

Teacher is the basic unit of a school.

Teacher is the one who teach students so a school can exist without Headmaster, Building and Library but not without teacher.

So, A school always has a "Teacher".

Hence, Teacher is the correct answer. 

A  shirt can be without Collar, pocket, and button.

But,

The idea of a shirt cannot exist without the fabric.

Hence, the fabric is the correct answer.

A king can Rule Without Minister, Sword or Queen.

But,

A king will not be a king if he does not have a kingdom. 

Hence, the Kingdom is the correct answer. 

Given: "Apple is a fruit and Rose is a flower".

1) It is not true that apple is a fruit or rose is a flower → True (The given information means that both the statements “Apple is a fruit” and “Rose is a flower” are true at the same time. This implies that only one of the two statements being true is NOT possible. Therefore, we can say that It is not true that “Apple is a fruit” or “Rose is a flower”)

2) It is not true that apple is a fruit and rose is a flower → False (The given information means that both the statements “Apple is a fruit” and “Rose is a flower” are true at the same time. This implies that only one of the two statements being true is NOT possible.)

3) Rose is a flower or apple is a fruit → False (The given information means that both the statements “Apple is a fruit” and “Rose is a flower” are true at the same time. Hence, false).

4) None of the above → False (As the option 1 is true).

Hence, It is not true that apple is a fruit or rose is a flower is logically equivalent to the given statement.

Many parents have pleaded with the administration department of School X to discontinue the rule of wearing ties to school.

(A) The school has kept different coloured ties for different academic scorers as part of their uniform. Thus, the low-scoring children of school feel discriminated →  this statement says that the low scoring children feel discriminated due to wearing different coloured tie, so feeling discriminated is the reason why their parents pleaded the school to discontinue the rule of tie. This statement strengthens the information.

(B) The sports uniform of the school does not have a tie, anyway. It is to be worn only on Wednesdays → This statement does not strengthen or weakens the information.

Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.

The logic followed is:

In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, roots, supporting branches, and leaves in most species.

As per the basic requirement for survival, the root is the most important part of the tree.

Option 1 - Flowers

Non-flowering plants are those that do not ever produce flowers. Some non-flowering plants, called gymnosperms, still produce seeds while others use spores for reproduction.

Option 2 - Horn

It is not always compulsory to be present in the tree.

Option 3 - Roots

More importantly, roots are the lifeline of a plant, taking up air, water, and nutrients from the soil and moving them up into the leaves, where they can interact with sunlight to produce sugars, flavors, and energy for the plant.

Option 4 - Fruit

There are many trees that don't bear any fruits in their lifetime.

Hence, the correct answer is "Roots".

If cream cracker means computer programming, and it's not cream cracker, then it’s not programming.

The statement is given that a cream cracker always means computer programming but the other possibilities are not given.

That means if it is not a cream cracker then it may or may not be programming.

The correct answer is Maybe.

The logic followed is:

In biological terms, a human being, or human, is any member of the mammalian species Homo sapiens, a group of ground-dwelling, tailless primates that are distributed worldwide and are characterized by bipedalism and the capacity for speech and language, with an erect body carriage that frees the hands for manipulating objects.

The most vital organ for survival are:

Humans have five vital organs that are essential for survival. These are the brain, heart, kidneys, liver, and lungs.

The human brain is the body's control center, receiving and sending signals to other organs through the nervous system and through secreted hormones. It is responsible for our thoughts, feelings, memory storage, and general perception of the world.

The human heart is responsible for pumping blood throughout our body.

The job of the kidneys is to remove waste and extra fluid from the blood. The kidneys take urea out of the blood and combine it with water and other substances to make urine.

The liver has many functions, including detoxifying harmful chemicals, breakdown of drugs, filtering of blood, secretion of bile, and production of blood-clotting proteins.

The lungs are responsible for removing oxygen from the air we breathe and transferring it to our blood where it can be sent to our cells. The lungs also remove carbon dioxide, which we exhale.

So, humans can survive without eyes, nose, hands but the heart is the most vital organ without it we cannot survive. 

Hence, the correct answer is "Heart". 

Additional Information

Important Points

• Our heart is made up of muscles and it is called Myogenic.
• The pericardium is the outer covering of the heart.
• In a human embryo formation of the heart starts at the age of four weeks.
• William Harvey is called the father of blood circulations.
• As in the human heart, blood enters twice so it is called Double circulation. 
• The left ventricle is the largest chamber of the heart.
• The right ventricle has the thickest wall.
• The auricle is the chamber of the heart which receives blood.
• The ventricle is the chamber of the heart which sends blood.
• The right auricle receives CO₂ rich blood from the body cells.
• The left auricle receives O₂ rich blood from the lungs.