Why would cricoid pressure be applied during the intubation procedure?

Question

Question

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AIIMS NORCET 7 Prelims Memory Based Paper 2024

Answer 1

Correct Answer: To help prevent aspiration of gastric contents

Rationale:

Cricoid pressure, also known as the Sellick maneuver, is applied during intubation to compress the esophagus against the cervical vertebrae. This action helps to prevent the passive regurgitation of stomach contents into the pharynx and subsequently into the lungs, which can lead to aspiration pneumonia or other serious complications.
Aspiration of gastric contents is a significant risk during intubation, particularly in emergency situations or when the patient has not fasted. Cricoid pressure is a preventative measure to minimize this risk.
The technique involves applying firm pressure to the cricoid cartilage, which is located just below the Adam's apple in the neck, and maintaining this pressure until the endotracheal tube is successfully placed and the cuff is inflated.

Explanation of Other Options:

To help the patient moving in intubation

Rationale: This option is incorrect because cricoid pressure is not intended to assist with patient movement during intubation. In fact, the patient should be as still as possible to ensure accurate and safe placement of the endotracheal tube.

To help visualize the adenoids

Rationale: This option is incorrect because cricoid pressure does not aid in visualizing the adenoids. The adenoids are located in the nasopharynx and are not relevant to the process of applying cricoid pressure or the intubation procedure.

To help open the patient's airway

Rationale: This option is incorrect because cricoid pressure does not function to open the airway. Instead, it is specifically used to occlude the esophagus and prevent aspiration. Opening the airway is typically achieved through head positioning, jaw thrust, or other airway management techniques.

Conclusion:

The application of cricoid pressure during intubation is a critical step to prevent the aspiration of gastric contents, thereby reducing the risk of serious pulmonary complications. It is not intended to aid in patient movement, visualization of adenoids, or opening the airway.