Which one of the following categories of Fundamental Rights incorporates protection against untouchability as a form of discrimination?

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UPSC Civil Services Exam (Prelims) GS Official Paper-I (Held On: 2020)
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  1. Right against Exploitation
  2. Right to Freedom
  3. Right to Constitutional Remedies
  4. Right to Equality

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : Right to Equality
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The Correct Answer is option 4. Key PointsFundamental Rights:

  • Part 3 of the Constitution deals with Fundamental Rights.
  • The Constitution provides six fundamental rights:
    • Right to Equality
    • Right to Freedom
    • Right against Exploitation
    • Right to Freedom of Religion
    • Cultural and Educational Rights
    • Right to Constitutional Remedies

Right to Equality:

  • Enshrined in Articles 14-18 of the Indian Constitution, ensuring equal protection under the law.
  • Article 17:
    • Abolishes untouchability and forbids its practice in any form. Hence, this falls under the Right to Equality.
    • Hence, the correct answer is option 4. 
  • Article 15:
    • Prohibits discrimination on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.
  • Article 16:
    • Ensures equality of opportunity in public employment.
  • Article 18:
    • Abolishes titles, except for military or academic distinctions.

Right to Freedom:

  • Covered under Articles 19-22.
  • Article 19:
    • Lists six freedoms, including speech, assembly, association, movement, residence, and profession.
  • Article 20:
    • Protects against conviction for offenses.
  • Article 21:
    • Protects life and personal liberty.
  • Article 22:
    • Protects against arrest and detention in certain cases.
  • Right to Constitutional Remedies:
    • Found in Article 32, allowing individuals to approach the Supreme Court for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights.
  • Right against Exploitation:
    • Covered under Articles 23 and 24, abolishing human trafficking, forced labor, and child labor in hazardous occupations.
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