Which of the following parts of the Indian Constitution was described as the "novel features" of the Indian constitution by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar?

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Answer 1

The correct answer is Part IV.

Key Points

Part IV of the Indian Constitution deals with the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP).
Dr. B. R. Ambedkar described the Directive Principles of State Policy as the "novel features" of the Constitution.
DPSPs are guidelines for the state to frame laws and policies aimed at establishing socio-economic democracy and the welfare state.
These principles are non-justiciable, meaning they cannot be enforced by courts, but they serve as a moral obligation for governments.
Key areas covered under DPSPs include education, public health, economic equality, protection of the environment, and promotion of international peace and security.

Additional Information

Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP):
- They are enshrined in Articles 36 to 51 of the Indian Constitution.
- Inspired by the Irish Constitution, DPSPs reflect ideals of social justice, economic welfare, and global peace.
- Examples include provisions for securing equal pay for equal work (Article 39), promoting the welfare of workers (Article 42), and protecting historical monuments (Article 49).
Fundamental Rights vs DPSPs:
- Fundamental Rights (Part III) are enforceable by courts, while DPSPs are non-justiciable.
- DPSPs complement Fundamental Rights by focusing on socio-economic equality.
- In case of conflict, the judiciary seeks a harmonious interpretation to balance both.
Significance of DPSPs:
- They serve as a directive for government policies aimed at national development.
- DPSPs have influenced landmark legislation like the Right to Education Act and labor welfare laws.
- They uphold the vision of achieving a welfare state as envisaged by the framers of the Constitution.
Limitations of DPSPs:
- Being non-justiciable, they depend on the political will of the government for implementation.
- Resource constraints often limit the practical realization of these principles.
- Despite their non-enforceability, they play a crucial role in shaping governance and public policies.