Which of the following eases the driver’s effort in steering the vehicle

Explanation:

Caster Angle:

The angle between the kingpin centre and the vertical, in the plane of the wheel, is known as the caster angle. It is also the angular displacement from the vertical axis of the suspension of a steered wheel in a car, measured in a longitudinal direction.

• Positive caster angle:
  • The caster is called positive when the top of the kingpin axis is inclined to the rear of the wheel.
  • It helps to maintain directional stability and to return wheels to straight ahead after being steered.
• Negative caster angle:
  • The caster is called negative when the top of the kingpin axis is inclined to the front of the vehicle.
  • Makes it easier to turn a vehicle.

Camber Angle:

Camber is the tilt of the car wheel from the vertical. The tyre life will be maximum when the camber angle will be zero.

• Positive camber angle:
  • If the tilt of the car wheel is outward, primarily used in the front wheel.
  • It creates more stability and carries more weight.
• Negative camber angle:
  • If the tilt of the car wheel is inward, primarily used in the rear wheel.
  • It increases corner stability, road shock and component wear.

Toe-in:

• It is also known as positive toe, refers to front wheels tilting towards the centerline of a vehicle,

Toe-out:

• It is also known as negative toe, when the rear wheels tilt outwards from a vehicle's centerline.