Which among the following socio religious community was founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy?

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SSC MTS (2022) Official Paper (Held On: 03 May 2023 Shift 2)
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  1. Prarthana Samaj
  2. Brahmo Samaj
  3. Akali Dal
  4. Arya Samaj

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : Brahmo Samaj
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SSC MTS 2024 Official Paper (Held On: 01 Oct, 2024 Shift 1)
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The correct answer is Brahmo Samaj.

Key Points

  • Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded Brahmo Sabha in 1828, which was later renamed Brahmo Samaj.
    • Its chief aim was the worship of the eternal God.
      • It was against priesthood, rituals, and sacrifices.
    • It focused on prayers, meditation, and reading the scriptures.
      • It attempted to remove prejudices, negative traditions, and practices against women.
    • It was the first intellectual reform movement in modern India.
      • It led to the emergence of rationalism and enlightenment in India which indirectly contributed to the nationalist movement.
    • It was the forerunner of all social, religious, and political movements of modern India.
      • It split into two in 1866, namely Brahmo Samaj of India led by Keshub Chandra Sen, and Adi Brahmo Samaj led by Debendranath Tagore.
    • Prominent Leaders: Debendranath Tagore, Keshub Chandra Sen, Pt. Sivnath Shastri, and Rabindranath Tagore.

Additional Information

Some Important Socio-religious reform organisations of 19th century are-

Name

Founder and Founding year

Purpose

Brahmo Samaj

Raja Rammohan Roy, 1828

  • Hindu socio -reform movement.
  • Advocated monotheism.
  • Opposed sati, idolatry and superstition

Young Bengal Movement

Henry Vivian Derozio, 1826-31

  • Opposed the vices of society.
  • Believed in truth, freedom and reason.

Rahnumai Mazdayasnan Sabha

 S S Bengali, Naoroji Furdonji, Dadabhai Naoroji

  • To improve social conditions of Parsis and restore the purity of Zoroastrianism.

Prarthana Samaj

Atmaram Pandurang, Govind Ranade, R G Bhandarkar, 1867

  • Reform of society, women upliftment, abolition of caste discrimination and religious orthodoxy.

Arya Samaj

Dayanand Saraswati, 1875

  • Revivalist movement
  • Gave a call to “go back to vedas”.
  • Opposed Brahmin supremacy, superstitions and idolatry.

Aligarh Movement

Syed Ahmed Khan

  • Religious reform in Indian Islam.
  • Emphasis on critical thinking, reasoning and rational outlook.

The Theosophical Society

H P Blavatsky, H S Olcott, 1875

  • Religious revival and social reform
  • Drew Inspiration from Upnishads
  • Believed in Vedanta

Ramakrishna Mission

Swami Vivekananda, 1897

  • Hindu religious revival.
  • Believed in Vedanta philosophy
  • Opposed superstitions, castism, and oppression.

The Servant of India Society

Gopal Krishna Gokhale, 1905

  • Famine relief and upliftment of tribals.
  • Promotion of education, removal of untouchability.
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