The susceptibility of the paramagnetic material is:  

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SSC JE Electrical 4 Dec 2023 Official Paper II
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  1. negative and small  
  2. positive and large 
  3. positive and small 
  4. negative and large 

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : positive and small 
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CONCEPT:

  • Magnetic susceptibility (χm): It is the property of the substance which shows how easily a substance can be magnetized.
  • It is defined as the ratio of the intensity of magnetization (I) in a substance to the magnetic intensity (H) applied to the substance,  i.e. \(\chi = \frac{I}{H}\)
  • It is a scalar quantity with no units and dimensions


Explanation:

Diamagnetic Substance:

  • Diamagnetic substances are those which develop feeble magnetization in the opposite direction of the magnetizing field.
  • Such substances are feebly repelled by magnets and tend to move from stronger to weaker parts of a magnetic field.
  • Magnetic susceptibility is small and negative i.e. -1 ≤  χ ≤ 0.
  • Examples: Bismuth, copper, lead, zinc, etc.


Paramagnetic substances:

  • Paramagnetic substances are those which develop feeble magnetization in the direction of the magnetizing field.
  • Such substances are feebly attracted by magnets and tend to move from weaker to stronger parts of a magnetic field.
  • Magnetic susceptibility is small and positive i.e. 0 <  χ.
  • Example: Manganese, aluminum, chromium, platinum, etc.


Ferromagnetic substances:

  • Ferromagnetic substances are those which develop strong magnetization in the direction of the magnetizing field.
  • They are strongly attracted by a magnet and tend to move from weaker to the stronger part of a magnetic field.
  • Magnetic susceptibility is very large and positive i.e. χ > 1000
  • Example: Iron, cobalt, nickel, gadolinium, and alloys like alnico.
  • From above it clear that the susceptibility of the Ferromagnetic material > Paramagnetic material > Diamagnetic mater
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