The concept "paradigm" is associated with:

The Correct Answer is T. S. Kuhn

A paradigm is a basic framework of assumptions, principles and methods from which the members of the community work. Important Points

• Thomas Kuhn's concept of Padigm's shift:
  • He argued that science does not evolve gradually towards truth.
  • Science has a paradigm that remains constant before going through a paradigm shift when current theories can’t explain some phenomenon, and someone proposes a new theory.
  • A scientific revolution occurs when:
    • the new paradigm better explains the observations and offers a model that is closer to the objective, external reality; and
    • the new paradigm is incommensurate with the old.
  • For example, Lamarckian evolution was replaced with Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection.

Additional Information

• Karl Popper's Theory
  • It believed that scientific knowledge is provisional.
  • The Falsification Principle was proposed by Karl Popper which is a way of demarcating science from non-science.
  • It suggests that for a theory to be considered scientific it must be able to be tested and conceivably proven false. For example, the hypothesis that "all swans are white," can be falsified by observing a black swan.
  • For Popper, science should attempt to disprove a theory, rather than attempt to continually support theoretical hypotheses.
• R. A. Fisher:
  • He elicited the genetic mechanisms and consequences of natural selection. made unique insights into the genetic processes that lead to the evolution of phenotypes. Fisher (1999) introduced the concepts of life history, reproductive value, and runaway selection
• Imre Lakatos:
  • He is famous for his ideas on "Falsification and the Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes"La radical revision of Popper’s Demarcation Criterion between science and non-science which gave rise to a novel theory of scientific rationality.