Match List - I with List - II.

List – I		List - II
A.	Arthapatti	I.	Conchshell is not a bone according to vedas
B.	Abhava	II.	A chair is not a table
C.	Upamana	III.	He does not eat in day time; he is fat. He eats in night
D.	Sabda	IV.	This cow is different from domestic cow must be a nilgai

Choose the correct answer from the options given below : 

The correct answer is - A - III, B - II, C - IV, D - I

Key Points

• Arthapatti
  • Arthapatti is a method of postulation or presumption in Indian philosophy.
  • It is used to explain something that is not directly observed but is inferred from the known facts.
  • Example: "He does not eat in day time; he is fat. He eats in night."
• Abhava
  • Abhava refers to the concept of non-existence or absence in Indian philosophy.
  • It is used to denote the absence of something in a particular place at a particular time.
  • Example: "A chair is not a table."
• Upamana
  • Upamana is the process of comparison or analogy in Indian philosophy.
  • It is used to gain knowledge about something unknown by comparing it with something known.
  • Example: "This cow is different from domestic cow must be a nilgai."
• Sabda
  • Sabda refers to verbal testimony or the knowledge gained from reliable sources in Indian philosophy.
  • It is considered a valid means of knowledge if the source is trustworthy.
  • Example: "Conchshell is not a bone according to vedas."

Additional Information

• Pramanas
  • In Indian philosophy, Pramanas are the means of obtaining knowledge.
  • There are six commonly accepted Pramanas: Pratyaksha (perception), Anumana (inference), Upamana (comparison), Arthapatti (postulation), Anupalabdhi (non-cognition), and Sabda (verbal testimony).
• Epistemology in Indian Philosophy
  • Epistemology is the study of knowledge and justified belief.
  • Different Indian philosophical systems have varying interpretations and classifications of Pramanas.
  • The Nyaya school, for example, recognizes four Pramanas, while the Mimamsa school recognizes six.