South India MCQ Quiz in मल्याळम - Objective Question with Answer for South India - സൗജന്യ PDF ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക

The correct answer is Vachana writers.

Key Points

• Vachana, a religiously inspired literature that emerged in the 12th century, was transferred under the Kannada ancient literature. 
• Vachana means 'oath' - one of the most prominent of Kannada's literary forms.
• Vachana Sahitya also became a movement as all castes of the society made vachana the main medium and started telling their experiences. 
• Jedara Dasimayya, Basavanna, Allamaprabhu, Akka Mahadevi, Siddharama, Madivala Machayya and many others have contributed to Vachana Sahitya.​

• Statement 1 is correct. The official language of the Satavahanas was Prakrit. All inscriptions were composed in this language and written in the Brahmi script, as was the case in Ashokan times. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• Statement 2 is incorrect. Some Satavahana kings may have composed Prakrit books. One Prakrit book called Gathasaptasati is attributed to a Satvahana king called Hala. It consisted of 700 verses, all written in Prakrit. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect. 

• The Pariyars were agricultural laborers who also worked in animal skins and used them as mats. This social structure existed during the early centuries of the Christian era. (1^st A.D. to 4^th A.D.) Hence option (4) is correct. 

The correct answer is All of the above.

Important Points

• Tolkappiyam (ancient poem) is the most ancient extant Tamil grammar text and the oldest extant long work of Tamil literature.
  • The surviving manuscripts of the Tolkappiyam consist of three books (Athikaram), each with nine chapters, with a cumulative total of 1,612 Sutras in the Nurpa meter.
  • It is a comprehensive text on grammar and includes sutras on orthography, phonology, etymology, morphology, semantics, prosody, sentence structure and the significance of context in language.
  • Hence, pair 1 is correct.
• The Tirukkural (“sacred verses”), or shortly the Kural, is a classic Tamil language text consisting of 1,330 short couplets of seven words each, or kurals.
  • The text is divided into three books with aphoristic teachings on virtue (Aram), wealth (Porul) and love (Inbam), respectively.
  • Considered one of the greatest works on ethics and morality, it is known for its universality and nature.
  • Its authorship is traditionally attributed to Valluvar, also known in full as Thiruvalluvar.
  • Hence, pair 2 is correct.
• Silappatikaram (“The Tale of an Anklet”), also referred to as Silappathikaram or Silappatikaram, is the earliest Jain Tamil epic.
  • It is a poem of 5,730 lines in almost entirely akaval (aciriyam) meter.
  • The epic is a tragic love story of an ordinary couple, Kannaki and her husband Kovalan.
  • The Silappathikaram has more ancient roots in the Tamil bardic tradition, as Kannaki and other characters of the story are mentioned or alluded to in the Sangam literature such as in the Narrinai (Pronounced as natrinai) and later texts such as the Kovalam Katai.
  • It is attributed to a prince-turned-monk Ilanlo Atikal and was probably composed in the 5th or 6th century CE.
  • Hence, pair 3 is correct.

The correct answer is Bukka I.

Key Points

Ferishta gives a short account of the kingdom of Vijayanagara (about 1378 A.D.), from which the following extracts are taken:

” The princes of the house of Bahmanee maintained themselves by superior valour only, for in power, wealth, and extent of the country the roles of Beejanuggur were greatly their superiors. The seaport of Goa, the fortress of Malgaon, ... belonged to the roy of Beejanuggur, and many districts of Tulghautwere in his possession. His country was well peopled, and his subjects submissive to his authority. The roles of Malabar, Ceylon, and other islands and other countries kept ambassadors at his court, and sent annually rich presents.”

• Here, Beejanuggur implies to Vijayanagara.
• The kingdom of Vijayanagara was founded by Harihara and Bukka, two of five brothers (surnamed Sangama).
• Ferishta, the Persian historian, provides some information about Bukka I, one of the early rulers of the Vijayanagara Empire, in his work "Tarikh-i Firishta".
• According to Ferishta, Bukka I was one of the brothers who founded the Vijayanagara Empire.
• He succeeded his brother, Harihara I, as the ruler of the kingdom in 1356 CE.
• Ferishta describes Bukka I as a brave and wise ruler who was respected by his subjects.
• He notes that Bukka I maintained a large and well-equipped army and was successful in expanding the boundaries of his kingdom through military conquests.
• Ferishta also mentions that Bukka I was a devout Hindu who patronized many Hindu temples and institutions during his reign.
• Ferishta also mentions that the kingdom was well-peopled, and that the king received ambassadors from neighboring states and countries, including the rais (chiefs) of Malabar, Ceylon, and other places.

• These ambassadors brought with them rich gifts and presents, which were presented to the king as a sign of respect and allegiance.

Hence, the above lines were said by the Persian historian Ferishta for the Vijayanagara ruler Bukka I.

The correct answer is Orissa.

Key Points Krishnadevaraya(1509-29)

• Krishnadevaraya was the ablest emperor of Vijayanagara empire.
• He belongs to Tuluva dynasty.
• Balakrishna temple was built by the ruler Krishnadevaraya of the Vijayanagara period in the year 1513 A.D.
• He erected this temple in honour of winning the battle and subsequent annexure of Utkala or the eastern reign of Udayagiri. This place is currently known as Orissa.
• Krishnadevaraya led the Vijayanagara armies against the Bahamani sultans and the Gajapatis of Odisha.
• He crowned the Bahmani sultan at Gulbarga and assumed the title “Establisher of Yavana Kingdom”( Yavana raja Pratishtapaka).
• He wrote Amuktamalyada in Telugu and Jambavati Kalyana in Sanskrit.
• In his court eight great scholars were present, known as Ashtadiggajas.​

Additional Information

Vijayanagara Empire(1336-1672):

• Founders- Harihara and Bukka.
• The four important dynasties are Sangama, Saluva, Tuluva and Aravidu.
• Devaraya 2 was the greatest ruler of sangama dynasty.
• Venkata 1 belongs to Tuluva dynasty.
• Ramaraya of Aravidu dynasty was an able commander.
• During his reign the great battle of Rakkasa-Tangadi (1565) took place.
• In 1586 Venkata 2 came to throne.
• He shifted his capital to Chandragiri and beautified it.
• Foreign travellers who visited Vijayanagara 
  • Nicolo De conti(Italian) 1420- Devaraya 1
  • Abdurr Razzak(Persian) 1443- Devaraya 2
  • Dominigo paes(Portugese) 1520- Krishnadevaraya
  • Nuniz(Portugese) 1535- Achyutadevaraya

The correct answer is Bukka I.
 Key PointsBukka I:

• He was an able ruler of the Vijayanagara kingdom.
• He defeated the rulers of Arcot as well as the Reddis of Kondavidu.
• He sent an ambassador to the court of a Chinese king belonging to the Ming dynasty.
• He constructed a fort and a few temples in the capital and encouraged agricultural activities
• Under Bukka I, the work writing commentaries on the Vedas that had begun which is called “Vedarthaprakasha”.
• He settled the disputes between Shrivaishnavas and Jains as the former were persecuting the latter.

Additional Information

Krishnadevaraya: 

• He is the son of Narasanayaka of the Tuluva dynasty
• Robert Sewell, mentions that Krishnadevaraya was an unparalleled warrior, shrewd commander, and political expert.
• He conquered the Raichur fort by defeating Adil shahi of Bijapur and Shivanasamudra fort from Ummatthur’s Gangaraja.
• He established trade relations with the Portuguese by helping him in the war against the bahamani sultan in 1510.
• He freed the Bahamani prince who had been imprisoned and coronated on the Bahamani throne at Bidar and earned the title “Yavanarajya Pratisthapanacharya”.
• He wrote Amuktamalyada in the Telugu Language and a Sanskrit play Jambavathi Kalyana.

Devaraya I:

• He constructed a dam across the Tungabhadra river for Irrigation purposes.
• He inducted 10000 Muslim soldiers into his army.
• He fought two battles with Firoz shah Bahamani and in the second Battle, he won over him.

Harihara II:

• He was the second son of Bukka I.
• He occupied the fort of Pangala lying to the north of Krishna river in the year 1398.
• The writing of commentaries on the Vedas was completed during the Harihara II period.
• This earned him the title of Vaidika Margasthapanacharya.

Correct answer is Devaraya-II.

Key Points

• Abdul Razak:
  • He was a well known Islamic scholar and also a historian.
  • He had visited the Vijayanagara empire at the time of Dev Raya II.
  • He was even appointed as the Qazi in the Shah Rukh's court.
  • Shah Rukh was renowned for leading Persia.
  • He belongs to the Timurid Dynasty.
  • He had visited the Kozhikode in India in the year 1940.
  • He came to India in the role of ambassador.

Additional Information

• Devaraya-II:
  • He was well-known for leading the Vijayanagara empire as its monarch.
    He is also well-known for being a member of the Sangama dynasty.
  • The Telugu poet Srinath patronized in his court.
  • He was even honored by the title Kavisarvabhauma by Deva Raya II.
  • Gajabeteegara was another name for Deva Raya II.
  • The meaning of the title is Hunter of elephants.

The correct answer is Belur

Key Points

• Vijaya Narayana Temple is also called Channa Keshava temple located at Belur.
• It was built by King Vishnuvardhana to commemorate his victory over the Gangas
• After defeating gangas and capturing the Gangavadi region he earned the title of ‘Talakadugonda’.
• Hoysala temples were built using Soap Stone.

• Places	Temples	Built By King
  Halebidu	Hoysaleshwara Temple	Vishnuvardhana
  Somanathpura	Keshava Temple (Channa Keshava)	Somadanda Nayaka
  Hampi	Virupaksha Temple	Devaraya 2
  Belur	Vijaya Narayana / Channa Keshava Temple	Vishnuvardhana

Important Points 

The five features that can be seen in all the temples of Hoysalas are:

1. Star-Shaped Sanctum Sanctorum,
2. Upapeetha (Jagati),
3. Decorative Panels,
4. Shikara
5. Pillars.

The correct answer is Panduranga Hegde.

Key Points

• The Appiko Movement in Karnataka started in September 1983.
• The movement was named Appiko which means “hug” in Kannada, symbolising protection for the tree. 
• The movement was founded and led by environmental activist Panduranga Hegde. 
• The aim of the movement was to conserve the trees of the Kalse forests in Sirsi taluk of Uttara Kannada district.
• The agitation continued for 38 days and forced the state government to finally concede to their demands and withdraw the order for the felling of trees.

Additional Information Sundarlal Bahuguna

• The Chipko movement, ‘hug the tree movement’ was started by Sundarlal Bahuguna at the foothills of the Himalayas in 1973. 
• It was a non-violent social and ecological movement by rural villagers, particularly women, in India.
• The main objective of the Chipko Andolan was to protect the trees on the Himalayan slopes by cutting.
• Other movements led by Bahuguna are:
  • Anti-liquor movement – Women-led movements against the liquor mafia 
  • The Beej Bachao Andolan 
  • Dalit assertion movements that challenged untouchability etc.

M P Nadakrni

• M P Nadakarni led the Salt Satyagraha at Ankola on 13 April 1930.
• Salt Satyagraha was part Civil disobedience movement started by Gandhiji.
• The salt satyagraha continued for 45 days in ankola.

N S Hardikar

• N S Hardikar was a docton and a freedom fighter from Karnataka.
• He is responsible for starting Hindustani Seva Dal headquartered at Hubli.
• Jawaharlal Nehru was president of Seva Dal.