Flower, Fruit and Seed MCQ Quiz in मल्याळम - Objective Question with Answer for Flower, Fruit and Seed - സൗജന്യ PDF ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക

Concept:

• A flower is a modified shoot whose floral meristem has replaced the shoot's apical meristem.
• The axis condenses and internodes do not elongate.
• At succeeding nodes, the apex generates a variety of floral appendages in place of leaves.

Explanation:

The inflorescence may be of two types, which depends on whether the apex gets developed into a flower or continues to grow.

In Racemose type of inflorescences, the main axis continues to grow, the flowers are borne laterally in acropetal succession. In Acropetal succession, the youngest flower is present near the apex and older towards the base.

In Cymose type of inflorescence the main axis terminates in a flower, hence is limited in growth. The flowers are borne in a basipetal succession. In basipetal succession, the older flowers are present at the upper portion and young buds are arranged towards the base.

So, the correct answer is option 3, Growth is limited and the flowers are bore in basipetal succession.

Concept:

• Fruit is a fleshy part of a plant that develops from the ovary after fertilization.
• Fruits can be categorized as true fruit or pseudocarp depending on their development.
• A true fruit or eucarp is developed from only an ovary. Eg: Mango
• A pseudocarp is a fruit that developed from an ovary and any other floral part. Eg: Strawberry
• A true fruit consists of two parts - a seed (developed from the ovule) and a wall- pericarp (developed from the ovary wall).
• Fruits are further classified into simple fruits, aggregate fruits, and composite fruits​.

​

SOROSIS:

• Sorosis is a sub-type of composite fruits.
• Sorosis is a fleshy fruit that grows from a group of flowers.
• These types of fruits develop from catkin, spike and spadix types of inflorescence.
• E.g.: Jackfruit, pineapple and mulberry.

Explanation:

• Option 1: Artocarpus, Morus, Ananas - CORRECT
  • ​Jackfruit and breadfruits are two important fruits belonging to the genus Artocarpus. Fruits of this genus are of sorosis type developing from spike type of inflorescence.
  • Morus is a genus of a flowering plant consisting of species of trees that are known as mulberry. Fruits of this genus are of sorosis type developing from catkin type of inflorescence.
  • Ananas is a genus of flowering plants that includes fruits like pineapple.  Fruits of this genus are of sorosis type developing from spike type of inflorescence.
• Option 2: Ficus, Aegle, Fragaria- INCORRECT
  • ​Fig is a fruit belonging to the genus Ficus. Fruits of this genus are composite fruits of sub-type syconium. In this sub-type fruit is developed from the hypanthium type of inflorescence.
  • Fruits belonging to the genus Aegle are berry type. These are fleshy fruits without stone containing a number of seeds.
  • Fragaria is a genus of flowering plants fruits of which are commonly called strawberries. These are false fruits that do not contain seeds.
• Option 3: Morus, Annona, Psidium - INCORRECT​
  • Morus is a genus of a flowering plant consisting of species of trees that are known as mulberry. Fruits of this genus are of sorosis type developing from catkin type of inflorescence.
  • Annona is one of the genera of flowering plants that includes fruits like pawpaw, custard apple, cherimoya, etc. These are a type of aggregate fruits.
  • Fruits like guava belong to the genus Psidium. Fruits of this genus are of berry type. These are fleshy fruits with a number of seeds.
• Option 4: Ananas, Annona, Ficus - INCORRECT
  • ​Fruits belonging to the genus Ananas are composite of sub-type sorosis.
  • Annona is a genus of a flowering plant. Fruits belonging to this genus are of aggregate type.
  • Fruits belonging to the genus Ficus are composite fruits of the sub-type syconium.

So the correct answer is option 1 (Artocarpus, Morus, Ananas).

Concept:

• The Solanaceae family is known as the potato family.
• Members of Solanaceae are widely distributed in the tropics, subtropics, and also in temperate zones.

Explanation:

• Pentamerous refers to flowers of the Solanaceae family that have a set of five sepals, petals, and stamens.
• The androecium and gynoecium, which are both present in a single flower, are found in the Solanaceae family of flowers. So, they can be bisexual or hermaphrodite.
• When a flower is cut in any vertical plane that passes through its axis, two halves are created, and the flower's symmetry is actinomorphic.
• Because the sepals, petals, and stamens are sequentially and freely placed below the ovary and the ovary is known as a superior ovary, flowers of the Solanaceae family are referred to as hypogynous flowers.
• Fruit can be berry or capsule.
• Berry is an edible, juicy fruit.
• A capsule is a dry, dehiscent fruit.
• Calyx has valvate aestivation.
• When sepals or petals in a whorl just touch one another at the margin, without overlapping, as in Calotropis, it is said to be valvate.

So, the correct answer is option 1, Flower: Zygomorphic.

The correct answer is China rose: Monoadelphous and Twisted

Explanation:

• Aestivation is defined as the mode of arrangement of sepals or petals in floral bud with respect to the other members of the same whorl.
• If one margin of the appendage overlaps that of the next one and so on. It is called twisted aestivation. Examples are China rose, Lady, and Cotton.
• Stamens in a flower may either remain free (polyandrous) or may be united in varying degrees. ​
• The stamens may be united into one bunch or one bundle (monoadelphous) as in China rose, or two bundles (diadelphous) as in Pea, or into more than two bundles (Polyadelphous) as in citrus.

The correct answer is The ovary is bilocular with many ovules (None of the above)

Explanation:

• The Solanaceae family, also known as the nightshade family, is a diverse family of flowering plants that includes many important agricultural crops, such as potatoes, tomatoes, eggplants, and peppers.
• Members of the Solanaceae family share several common floral characteristics that are important for their identification and classification.

Floral Characters:

• Inflorescence : Solitary, axillary or cymose as in Solanum
• Flower: bisexual, actinomorphic
• Calyx: sepals five, united, persistent, valvate aestivation
• Corolla: petals five, united; valvate aestivation
• Androecium: stamens five, epipetalous
• Gynoecium: bicarpellary obligately placed, syncarpous; ovary superior, bilocular, placenta swollen with many ovules, axile
• Fruits: berry or capsule
• Seeds: many, endospermous

Concept:

• The Solanaceae family is known as the potato family.
• Members of Solanaceae are widely distributed in the tropics, subtropics, and also in temperate zones.

Explanation:

• Pentamerous refers to flowers of the Solanaceae family that have a set of five sepals, petals, and stamens.
• The androecium and gynoecium, which are both present in a single flower, are found in the Solanaceae family of flowers. So, they can be bisexual or hermaphrodite.
• When a flower is cut in any vertical plane that passes through its axis, two halves are created, and the flower's symmetry is actinomorphic.
• Because the sepals, petals, and stamens are sequentially and freely placed below the ovary and the ovary is known as a superior ovary, flowers of the Solanaceae family are referred to as hypogynous flowers.
• Fruit can be berry or capsule.
• Berry is an edible, juicy fruit.
• A capsule is a dry, dehiscent fruit.
• Calyx has valvate aestivation.
• When sepals or petals in a whorl just touch one another at the margin, without overlapping, as in Calotropis, it is said to be valvate.

So, the correct answer is option 1, Flower: Zygomorphic.

Correct Answer: Option 2

Concept:

• Fruit is a fleshy part of a plant that develops from the ovary after fertilization.
• Fruits can be categorized as true fruit or pseudocarp depending on their development.
• A true fruit or eucarp is developed from only an ovary. Eg: Mango
• A pseudocarp is a fruit that is developed from an ovary and any other floral part. Eg: Strawberry
• A true fruit consists of two parts - a seed (developed from the ovule) and a wall- pericarp (developed from the ovary wall).
• Fruits are further classified into simple fruits, aggregate fruits, and composite fruits
•  

Explanation:

• Option 1: Capsule - INCORRECT
  • It is the most common type of fruit.
  • It is a dry dehiscent type of fruit. This means it has a thin pericarp (dry) which splits open at maturity to release seeds (dehiscent).
  • Eg: Lady's finger, cotton, datura, eucalyptus, etc.
• Option 2: Drupe - CORRECT
  • It is a single fleshy fruit that is it has a thick pericarp.
  • The fruit has a stony endocarp (hard stone) with a single seed.
  • Eg: Coconut, cherry, apricot, plum, etc.
• Option 3: Berry - INCORRECT
  • A berry is a single fleshy fruit with a very soft pericarp.
  • It does not have a stone and generally has a  large number of seeds.
  • Eg: Banana, tomato, kiwi fruit, etc.
• Option 4: Nut - INCORRECT
  • A nut is a large single-seeded fruit.
  • It is a dry indehiscent type of fruit. This means it has a thin pericarp (dry) that does not break open at maturity (indehiscent).
  • The seed coat in this type of fruit is not a part of the fruit coat.
  • Such fruits are termed achene.
  • Eg: Chestnut, hazelnut, etc.

So from the above-given information, the correct answer is option 2.

Concept:

• Aestivation is defined as the mode of arrangement of sepals or petals in floral bud with respect to the other members of the same whorl.
• When the largest (standard) overlaps the two lateral petals (wings) which in turn overlap the two smallest anterior petals (keel); this type of aestivation is known as vexillary aestivation.
• Stamens in a flower may either remain free (polyandrous) or may be united in varying degrees. When the stamens  are united into one bunch or one bundle are called monadelphous, and when united into two bundles are called diadelphous.​
• Vexillary aestivation and diadelphous stamens are the characteristic features of the family Fabaceae. 

Explanation: 

Option 1:  Solanum nigrum belongs to Solanaceae.  Therefore, this is the incorrect option.

Option 2:   Colchicum autumnale (colchicine) belongs to the family Liliaceae. Therefore, this is the incorrect option.

Option 3:  Pisum sativum (garden pea) belongs to the family Fabaceae.  Therefore, this is the correct option.

Option 4:  Allium cepa (onion)  belong to the family Liliaceae. Therefore, this is the incorrect option.

So, the correct answer is option 3.

Concept:

• Stamens are the male reproductive organs of flowering plants.
• Stamens consist of an anther, the site of pollen development, and in most species a stalk-like filament, which transmits water and nutrients to the anther.

• Stamens in a flower may either remain free (polyandrous) or may be united in varying degrees.
• When the stamens are united into one bunch or one bundle are called monadelphous, and when united into two bundles are called diadelphous.

​Explanation: 

•  In china rose, the stamens are united into one bunch or one bundle (monadelphous).
• In Citrus the stamens are united into more than two bundles (polyadelphous). 
• In peas, the stamen are united into two bundles (diadelphous).

​

Therefore, the correct answer is option 2, Pea.

Key Points

• Maize is a monocotyledonous plant, meaning that there is only a single cotyledon in its seed.
• This single cotyledon is known as the scutellum.
• The scutellum is a specialized structure, which is responsible for absorbing and mobilizing the stored food materials from the endosperm.
• The endosperm is the nutrient-rich tissue surrounding the embryo in the seed.
• During germination, enzymes are secreted by the scutellum, which breaks down the stored food materials like starch and proteins, into simpler forms that can be transported and utilized by the developing embryo.
• These nutrients are then transported from the endosperm to the growing regions of the embryo, providing energy and building blocks for cellular processes and tissue differentiation.
• Therefore, the scutellum acts as a conduit for absorbing food materials from the endosperm and supplying them to the developing embryo.

Hence, the correct answer is option 3. 

Additional Information

• In the grass family, the scutellum is shield-shaped.
• It is situated towards one side (lateral) of the embryonal axis.
• At its lower end, the embryonal axis has the radical and root cap enclosed in an undifferentiated sheath called coleorhiza.
• The portion of the embryonal axis above the level of attachment of the scutellum is the epicotyl.
• Epicotyl has a shoot apex and a few leaf primordia enclosed in a hollow foliar structure, the coleoptile.
• The cylindrical portion below the level of cotyledons is hypocotyl that terminates at its lower end in the radicle or root tip.
• The portion of the embryonal axis above the level of attachment of the scutellum is the epicotyl.