Cropping Systems: Definition and Types of Cropping Systems MCQ Quiz in मल्याळम - Objective Question with Answer for Cropping Systems: Definition and Types of Cropping Systems - സൗജന്യ PDF ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക

The correct answer is crop rotation.

Key Points

• Crop Rotation:
  • In this method, two or more crops are simultaneously grown on the same land, the type of crops grown in the field is changed each season or each year.
  • Example: Maize will be planted in the first year and beans in the second year.
  • This Crop rotation system is a key principle of agriculture conservation as it improves the soil structure and fertility.
  • It also helps to control weeds, pests, and diseases.

Additional Information

• Single crop: This refers to growing the same type of crop on the same land year after year.
• Intercropping: This involves growing two or more crops simultaneously on the same land, but it doesn't necessarily involve sequential planning in succession or changing the crops year after year.
• Mixed farming: This refers to integrating livestock raising with crop production on the same farm.

The correct answer is Opium

Key Points

• In India, the Opium poppy involves lancing and collection of latex from the incised capsule.
• Opium possesses various types of alkaloids which are used for preparing medicines for the use of humans and cattle.
• The capsule is the most important organ of the plant as it provides raw opium- a milky exudate.
• It contains about 70% of the total morphine synthesized by the plant.
• Lancing is done longitudinally in bright sunlight and the latex (crude opium) which oozes from the wounds dries during the following night and is scraped with the sharp knife in the early hours of the succeeding morning.
• Lancing is performed in the afternoon with a special knife, capable of making 4 incisions at a time, each at about 1/12^th cm apart.
• Each capsule is lanced 4-6 times.
• It is a laborious and skilled job requiring considerable manpower to accomplish the task in a short time span.

The correct answer is Sesamum.

• Sesame is a flowering plant in the genus Sesamum and in India, it is in smaller in numbers.                                                               
• Other species of Sesamum is S. Indicum.
• Sesamum is also known as Benne.
• The mustard plant is a plant species in the genera Brassica and Sinapis in the family Brassicaceae.

Additional Information

• Major crops are as follows-
  • Kharif Crops- Bajra, Jowar, Maize, Millet, Rice, and Soybean.
  • Rabi Crops- Barley, Gram, Rapeseed, Mustard, Oat, Wheat, and Bajra
  • Kharif Crops- Pumpkin, Cucumber and Bitter Gourd.

Option 4 is the correct answer.

Important Points

Strip cropping:

• Large fields can be divided into strips.
• Strips of grass are left to grow between the crops.
• This breaks up the force of the wind.

Additional Information

• Planting lines of trees to create shelter also works in a similar way. Rows of such trees are called shelterbelts.
• These shelter belts have contributed significantly to the stabilization of sand dunes and in stabilizing the desert in western India.

The correct answer is Cropping system.Key Points 

• The relation of a specific cropping pattern with all available farm resources like water, land, and environment is defined as a Cropping system
• Cropping System is a broader term comprising the crops and cropping pattern along with their interaction with other agricultural components such as resources, machinery, technologies, environment, etc.

Important Points

• Cropping scheme: The plan according to which crops are grown on individual plots of a farm with the object of getting maximum return from cash crops without impairing the soil fertility is known as the cropping scheme.
• A cropping pattern: It is defined as the spatial representation of crop rotations, or as the list of crops being produced in an area and their sequence in time.
• The cropping intensity: It is the fraction of the arable area that is harvested. The cropping intensity may exceed 100% where more than one crop is harvested year

Confusion Points

• When we discuss a cropping pattern along with inputs/resources etc, we would be actually discussing a cropping system. Thus, monoculture is a crop pattern as well as a cropping system when we include the fertilizer in it to be used every year.
• Similarly, mixed cropping of cereals with other cereals or other crops is a cropping pattern as well as a cropping system. For example, a rice-based cropping system can be rice-rice, rice-wheat, and rice-legumes.

The correct answer is the Dwarf gene of Wheat.

Key Points

Norin 10:

• Norin 10 wheat is a semi-dwarf wheat cultivar with very large ears.
• Gonjiro Inazuka is the scientist who discovers Norin 10 at an experimental station in Iwate Prefecture, Japan.
• Its parents were a semi-dwarf (Japanese landrace) that may have originated in Korea in the 3^rd or 4^th century AD, and two varieties from the USA. 
• Rht1 and Rht2 are the two important genes derived from Norin 10 gene.

Dwarfing genes

• Dwarfing genes (Rht) are known for high yield due to lodging resistance and partitioning of assimilates into the ear.
• The available and commercially exploited sources of dwarfism in Indian spring wheat are Rht1 and Rht2 genes in spite of the availability of over 20 dwarfing genes.

Characteristics of Intensive Farming:

• Intensive farming is an agricultural intensification and mechanization system that aims to maximize yields from available land through various means, such as heavy use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers.
• Three major characteristics of intensive farming are as follows, 
  • Low fallow ratio
  • Labour and capital intensive
  • Higher crop yields per unit land area.
• Executive use of mechanization found.
• It is a labour-intensive farming method.
• This farming produces cheaper food per hectare to feed the rising population.
• Created multiple cropping systems.
• High productivity using modern inputs.
• It also involves intensive livestock farming.
• It is a common practice in the fertile areas of south-east Asia, China, India (Punjab, parts of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, etc.), etc.

Therefore, '3' is the correct option here.

The correct answer is Relay cropping.

• It refers to the planting of the succeeding crop before harvesting the preceding crop.
• The field is never left fallow or there is no gap at all between two successive crops, hence, relay cropping can also be called as overlapping cropping.
• Paira (Bihar and West Bengal) or Utera (M.P) cropping are the example of relay cropping.
• Examples: Rice –cauliflower – onion-summer gourd, maize-potato-wheat-moong.
• Advantages:
  • Less risk since yields does not depend on one crop alone.
  • Some diseases and insects appear to spread less rapidly under intercropping.
  • Better erosion control due to better ground cover.
  • Any legumes involved may add some nitrogen to the soil.
  • Better distribution of labour.

The correct answer is Jute.

• Jute is a type of natural fibre also known as the golden fibre.

Key Points

• Among all the natural fibres, its strength is much higher and cheap in comparison to other fibers.
• In the world's production of textile fibres, Jute is the second highest production after cotton.
• The production in India is the highest in the world. In the world maximum Raw jute is cultivated in Bangladesh.

Additional Information

• Silk- It is produced from insects. This insect is also known as Bombyx Mori. It is costly in comparison to man-made fibres.
• Cotton- It is also known as a cash crop. It has two varieties in the world. The first is known as indigenous cotton and the second is known as American cotton. Cotton is also known as white gold.
• Nylon- It is the collective name of synthetic polymers based on some aliphatic compounds. It is a silk thermoplastic material that can be moulded into fibres, layers, and other shapes. Nylon is financially important. It is a man-made product.

The correct answer is Parthenium.

• Parthenium hysterophorus is an obnoxious weed belonging to the aster family 'Asteraceae'.

Key Points

• Parthenium hysterophorus is a species of flowering plant local to the American tropics.
• Disturbed land, including roadsides, are prone to invasion by Parthenium hysterophorus.
• It plagues pastures and farmland, often causing deplorable loss of yield as seen in the case of famine weed. 
• In a few zones, overwhelming episodes have been omnipresent, affecting crops, livestock, and human health.
• Parthenium first appeared as an invader in the form of a contaminant in imported wheat.
• Indian National Congress had chosen to import wheat from the USA.
• The wheat was of second rate quality and was a questionable one.
• This weed is equally unsafe for vegetation as well as wildlife. It is profoundly perilous for human beings.
• It sucks the nutritious substances from soils, converting the rich lands into barren ones.  

Parthenium