Conservation Status MCQ Quiz in मल्याळम - Objective Question with Answer for Conservation Status - സൗജന്യ PDF ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക

Concept:

Conservation of biodiversity:

• Biodiversity conservation can be done in two modes i.e. In-Situ and Ex-Situ.
• The mode of conservation which includes protective maintenance of threatened species outside the areas where they naturally occur is called as Ex-Situ Conservation.
• Examples: Zoological parks and Botanical gardens, in-vitro fertilization, tissue culture propagation, and cryopreservation of gametes
• In-Situ Conservation: The conservation method to protect the entire ecosystem in which the species are protected in their natural habitat. 
• Examples: National parks, Sanctuaries Biosphere reserves, Reserved forests, Protected forests

Explanation:

Confusion Points

• Rare species are not necessarily to be Endangered or Vulnerable.
• Rare species of plants and animals are just the species that are not in abundance, and their numbers are naturally low because of their restricted range.

Concept:

Conservation of biodiversity:

• Biodiversity conservation can be done in two modes i.e. In-Situ and Ex-Situ.
• The mode of conservation which includes protective maintenance of threatened species outside the areas where they naturally occur is called as Ex-Situ Conservation.
• Examples: Zoological parks and Botanical gardens, in-vitro fertilization, tissue culture propagation, and cryopreservation of gametes
• In-Situ Conservation: The conservation method to protect the entire ecosystem in which the species are protected in their natural habitat. 
• Examples: National parks, Sanctuaries Biosphere reserves, Reserved forests, Protected forests

Explanation:

Confusion Points

• Rare species are not necessarily to be Endangered or Vulnerable.
• Rare species of plants and animals are just the species that are not in abundance, and their numbers are naturally low because of their restricted range.

Concept:

Endemic species:

• Endemic species are those species of plants and animals which are found exclusively in a particular area.
• They are not naturally found anywhere else.
• A particular type of animal or plant may be endemic to a zone, a state, or a country.
• Examples: Asiatic Lion-Gir Forest, Kashmir Stag-Kashmir Valley, LionTailed Macaque-Western Ghats.

Extinct species:

• These are species that are not found after searches of known or likely areas where they may occur.
• Examples: Dodo: Raphus cucullatus, Steller's Sea Cow - Hydrodamalis gigas. 

Invasive species:

• When species are introduced unintentionally or deliberately for whatever purpose, some of them turn invasive and cause the decline or extinction of indigenous species.
• Examples: Lantana, Parthenium, African catfish.

Explanation:

Steller's sea cow:

• The scientific name of Steller's sea cow is Hydrodamalis gigas.
• This species was slow-moving and easily caught herbivorous aquatic mammals.
• This belongs to the family Dugongidae.
• It is an extinct sirenian.
• This species was named after Georg Wilhelm Steller who discovered this species on Vitus Bering's Great Northern expedition.
• This species was mainly found between Alaska and Russia.
• During the Pleistocene epoch, the species was more extensive.
• It was hunted into extinction because of its meat and fat.

Thus,

Parthenium is an endemic species of our country: Incorrect

African catfish is not a threat to indigenous catfishes: Incorrect

Steller's sea cow is an extinct animal: Correct

Lantana is popularly known as carrot grass: Incorrect

Additional Information 

Lantana Camara:

• Lantana Camara (common lantana) is a species of flowering plant within the verbena family (Verbenaceae).
• It is native to the American tropics.
• It is a very adaptable species, which can inhabit a wide variety of ecosystems.
• Once it has been introduced into a habitat it spreads rapidly.
• It is an invasive species. 
• In Goa, it was introduced by the Portuguese.
• L. camara can outcompete native species, leading to a reduction in biodiversity.
• It can also cause problems if it invades agricultural areas as a result of its toxicity to livestock, as well as its ability to form dense thickets which, if left unchecked, can greatly reduce the productivity of farmland.

Parthenium:

• Parthenium is commonly known as ‘gajar ghas' 'carrot grass' or 'congress grass’.
• Parthenium or Gajar Ghans is the most common invasive species in India.
• It is called as the “Scourge of India", scourge meaning something that causes great trouble or suffering.
• Parthenium hysterophorus plant causes milk disease in livestock and is also responsible for respiratory malfunction in humans.
• Contact with the plant causes dermatitis in cattle and domestic animals.
• The main substance responsible is Parthenium, which is dangerously toxic.
• It has now become one of the world’s seven most devastating and hazardous weeds.
• This noxious weed is often spotted on abandoned lands, developing residential colonies around the towns, railway tracks, roads, drainage and irrigation canals, etc.
• This weed grows luxuriantly in established gardens, plantations and vegetable crops.

Additional InformationAfrican catfish:

• The African catfish's scientific name is Clarias gariepinus.
• It belongs to the family Clariidae.
• It introduces in India for aquaculture purposes.
• It is an invasive species for India because it is a carnivorous species that create a threat to the local fish population and also causes pollution in water bodies.
• The Indian government has imposed a ban on the farming of African catfish.

The solution is Over exploitation by humans.

Concept

• A species is said to be extinct when it is not seen in the wild for 50 years at a stretch.
• Extinction occurs when species are diminished because of environmental forces (habitat fragmentation, global change, natural disaster, overexploitation of species for human use) or because of evolutionary changes in their members (genetic inbreeding, poor reproduction, decline in population numbers).

Explanation

• The Passenger Pigeon, once one of the most abundant birds in the world, was pushed to extinction by overhunting and habitat destruction.
• The Passenger Pigeon – also known as Ectopistes migratorius – is an extinct bird.
• It was endemic to North America.
• At one point in time, billions of these birds lived and flew over North America.
• Deforestation after the European colonization contributed to the bird’s extinction.
• The massive commercial consumption of pigeon meat in the nineteenth and at the beginning of the twentieth century led to its demise.
• The pigeons flew in such large flocks, sometimes hundreds of miles long with billions of birds, many could be easily captured at one time.
• Beginning in the eighteenth century, commercial hunters began shooting pigeons or using nets to capture them to sell them for meat or as live targets for trap hunting.
• The trade of pigeons had been commercialized by the late 1800s.

Thus, the extinction of the Passenger pigeon was mainly due to overexploitation by humans.