Comparative Political Analysis MCQ Quiz in मल्याळम - Objective Question with Answer for Comparative Political Analysis - സൗജന്യ PDF ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക

The correct answer is 'A and B Only'

Key Points

• Input-Output Analysis by David Easton:
  • David Easton was a political scientist known for his systemic approach to studying political systems.
  • His input-output analysis is a framework for understanding how political systems operate by examining the inputs (demands and supports) and outputs (decisions and actions).
  • The inputs include demands and supports from the environment, while the outputs are the decisions and actions taken by the political system.
  • Feedback loops are also crucial in this analysis as they help to understand how the outputs affect future inputs.

Additional Information

• Development and Growth:
  • These are not considered variables in Easton's input-output analysis.
  • Development and Growth are broader concepts that may result from the functioning of political systems but are not part of the input-output framework specifically.

The correct answer is '1-C, 2-A, 3-D, 4-B'

Key Points

• The Scramble for Africa:
  • Written by Thomas Pakenham, this book provides a comprehensive history of the European colonization of Africa during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
  • It details the political, economic, and social impacts of this colonization period.
• Heart of Darkness:
  • Authored by Joseph Conrad, this novella explores the dark aspects of European colonialism in Africa through the journey of Charles Marlow up the Congo River.
  • It is a critical analysis of the effects of colonization and the darkness within human nature.
• Neo-Colonialism: The Last Stage of Imperialism:
  • Written by Kwame Nkrumah, the first President of Ghana, this book discusses the continued economic and political control of former colonies by Western powers after formal decolonization.
  • It argues that neo-colonialism is a new form of imperialism that exploits the resources of developing countries.
• How Europe Underdeveloped Africa:
  • Authored by Walter Rodney, this book examines the historical roots and mechanisms of underdevelopment in Africa due to European colonization and exploitation.
  • It provides a Marxist analysis of the economic and social impacts of colonialism on the African continent.

The correct answer is 'Samuel P. Huntington'

Key Points

• Political Decay:
  • Samuel P. Huntington introduced the concept of "Political Decay" in his seminal work "Political Order in Changing Societies" (1968).
  • Political Decay refers to the process by which political systems deteriorate in their ability to maintain order and ensure good governance.
  • Huntington argued that political systems may fail to adapt to changing social and economic conditions, leading to instability, corruption, and inefficiency.
  • He emphasized the importance of institutional development and the role of political organizations in maintaining political order.

Additional Information

• Lucian W. Pye:
  • Lucian W. Pye was a political scientist known for his work on political culture and development, but he did not specifically develop the concept of political decay.
• Sidney Verba:
  • Sidney Verba was a prominent political scientist who focused on civic culture and political participation. While his work has been influential, he did not coin the term political decay.
• Almond and Powell:
  • Gabriel Almond and Bingham Powell are known for their contributions to comparative politics and the study of political systems, but they did not introduce the concept of political decay.

The correct answer is 'A, C, D Only.'

Key Points

• Comparative Politics:
  • Comparative Politics involves the study and comparison of political systems globally. It examines political institutions, processes, and behaviors across different countries.
• Traditional approach in Comparative Politics:
  • In traditional approach, emphasis is on value-laden study of politics:
  • The traditional approach often includes normative and philosophical aspects and focuses on the values and moral judgments in political analysis.
• Behavioural approach:
  • David Easton is one of the leading theorists of Behaviouralism:
  • David Easton significantly contributed to the Behavioural approach, emphasizing empirical and scientific methods in political science.
  • David Easton's input-output analysis has three main variables in the form of demands, supports, and feedbacks:
  • Easton's system analysis model includes inputs (demands and supports), the political system, and outputs (decisions and actions), with feedback loops.

Additional Information

• Behavioural approach is one of the important traditional approaches:
  • This is incorrect.
  • The Behavioural approach is not a traditional approach; it emerged in the mid-20th century as a reaction against the traditional, normative approaches, focusing more on empirical and scientific methods.
• 'Political assassination is one of the important positive indices of political development:
  • This is incorrect.
  • Political assassination is generally viewed as a negative and destabilizing factor in political development, not a positive index.

The correct answer is The "Credo of Relevance" directly relates to the shift from Behaviouralism to Post-Behaviouralism, which called for political science to be directly relevant to solving social problems, marking a reaction against the perceived ahistoricism, scientism, and lack of policy relevance of earlier approaches.

The correct answer is A - II, B - IV, C - I, D - III
Explanation: In their respective works, (D) Max Weber explores "The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism," (C) Michael Oakeshott reflects on "On Human Conduct," (A) Antonio Gramsci delves into his "Prison Notebooks," and (B) Robert Putnam examines "Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community."

Key Points (A) Antonio Gramsci - Prison Notebooks:

• Antonio Gramsci was an Italian Marxist theorist and politician. His most famous work is the "Prison Notebooks," written while he was imprisoned by the fascist regime in Italy.
• In the Prison Notebooks, Gramsci explores various concepts related to cultural and political analysis. He introduces the idea of cultural hegemony, which refers to the dominance of a particular social group's worldview over others. Gramsci argued that the ruling class maintains power not just through force but also by controlling cultural institutions and shaping common sense.
• The Prison Notebooks are a rich source of ideas on ideology, intellectuals, and the role of culture in maintaining social order.

(B) Robert Putnam - Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community:

• Robert Putnam is an American political scientist. In "Bowling Alone," Putnam examines the decline of social capital in the United States.
• Social capital refers to the connections and networks of trust and reciprocity within a community. Putnam argues that various social institutions, such as bowling leagues, have experienced a decline in participation, leading to a reduction in social capital.
• The book explores the impact of this decline on civic engagement, political participation, and the overall health of American democracy. Putnam suggests ways to revitalize social capital and rebuild community bonds.

(C) Michael Oakeshott - On Human Conduct:

• Michael Oakeshott was a British philosopher known for his contributions to political theory. In "On Human Conduct," Oakeshott explores the nature of human conduct and the role of practical knowledge.
• Oakeshott distinguishes between two modes of human experience: the practical and the technical. The practical involves a mode of understanding that is more intuitive, based on tradition and personal experience, while the technical involves explicit and systematic knowledge.
• The book delves into the complexities of political life, emphasizing the importance of practical knowledge and the limitations of rationalistic approaches to social and political issues.

(D) Max Weber - The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism:

• Max Weber, a German sociologist and political economist, wrote "The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism."
• Weber explores the relationship between Protestantism, particularly Calvinism, and the rise of capitalism in Western Europe. He argues that certain Protestant beliefs, such as the Calvinist emphasis on hard work and a disciplined lifestyle, contributed to the development of a capitalist ethos.
• Weber's work is influential in understanding the cultural and religious underpinnings of economic systems, challenging simplistic economic determinism.

Additional Information

• These four thinkers have significantly contributed to the fields of political science, sociology, and philosophy, offering diverse perspectives on social structures, cultural influences, and the nature of human conduct.

The Correct Answer is Exploitation Colonialism

Explanation: Exploitation colonialism is characterized by the exploitation of natural resources and the use of the local population as cheap labor for economic benefits. This practice is exemplified by the use of indigenous labor in regions like India and Southeast Asia for cash crop cultivation.

 Key Points

The type of colonialism in which the indigenous population was used as cheap labor to cultivate cash crops like tea and rubber, benefiting the mother country economically, is often referred to as "Exploitation Colonialism." This form of colonialism was characterized by the economic exploitation of the colony's resources and labor for the benefit of the colonizing or mother country. Here's a detailed explanation of exploitation colonialism:

• Economic Exploitation: Exploitation colonialism focused primarily on the economic exploitation of the colonized region. Colonizers sought to extract valuable resources from the colony to generate profits and wealth for the mother country. In the context of your question, the extraction and cultivation of cash crops like tea and rubber were central to this economic exploitation.
• Labor Exploitation: The indigenous population was often used as a source of cheap labor to work on plantations and in other agricultural endeavors. They were subjected to harsh working conditions, low wages, and limited rights. The labor force of the indigenous population was crucial for the success of cash crop cultivation, which was primarily for export back to the mother country.
• Cash Crops: Cash crops like tea and rubber were chosen because they had a high market value in the colonizers' home countries. These crops could be grown in the colony's climate and soil conditions and were profitable in international trade. The focus on cash crops often led to monoculture, where large areas were dedicated solely to the cultivation of these crops at the expense of local food production.
• Economic Benefit to the Mother Country: The profits generated from the cultivation and export of cash crops flowed back to the mother country. These profits boosted the economic prosperity of the colonizers and contributed to their industrial and economic development. The mother country gained access to valuable raw materials, such as rubber, and a lucrative export market for the finished products, such as tea.
• Impact on Indigenous Population: The indigenous population often suffered the most from exploitation colonialism. They were subjected to land dispossession, forced labor, and unfavorable working conditions. This exploitation had devastating consequences on the social, cultural, and economic aspects of the indigenous societies, as they were often marginalized and impoverished.

 Additional Information

• In summary, exploitation colonialism was a form of colonial rule where the primary focus was on extracting economic wealth from the colony, often through the cultivation of valuable cash crops using the labor of the indigenous population.
• This exploitation greatly benefited the mother country economically but had detrimental effects on the indigenous populations and their way of life.

The correct answer is 'Otto Kinchneiur'

Key Points

• Catch-All-Party:
  • The term "catch-all-party" refers to political parties that aim to attract a broad spectrum of voters, rather than focusing on a specific class or interest group.
  • Otto Kinchneiur is credited with coining the term "catch-all-party" in the mid-20th century to describe the shift in strategy of many political parties to appeal to a wider electorate.
  • This concept highlights the adaptation of political parties to changing societal structures and the need to garner widespread support to achieve electoral success.

Additional Information

• C. Wright Mills:
  • C. Wright Mills was an American sociologist known for his works on the structure of power in the U.S., particularly his book "The Power Elite."
  • He did not coin the term "catch-all-party," but his contributions to sociology include the study of social structures and power dynamics.
• William Gladstone:
  • William Gladstone was a British statesman and four-time Prime Minister of the United Kingdom in the 19th century.
  • He is known for his liberal policies and reforms but did not coin the term "catch-all-party."
• Bertrand Russell:
  • Bertrand Russell was a British philosopher, logician, and social critic, renowned for his work in analytical philosophy and logic.
  • He did not coin the term "catch-all-party," but his contributions to philosophy and social theory are significant.

The correct answer is 'G.A. Almond'

Key Points

• G.A. Almond:
  • Gabriel A. Almond was a prominent political scientist known for his work on the sociological approach to politics.
  • He developed the concept of political culture, which examines the attitudes, values, and beliefs that shape political behavior in different societies.
  • Almond's work often focused on how social structures and cultural norms influence political systems and processes.
  • His seminal work, "The Civic Culture," co-authored with Sidney Verba, is a key text in understanding the sociological dimensions of political science.

Additional Information

• Samuel Lubell:
  • Lubell was known for his work on American electoral politics and public opinion but did not emphasize a sociological approach to politics.
• Harold Gossnell:
  • Gossnell was a political scientist and pioneer in the field of political behavior and public opinion but focused more on empirical and statistical methods rather than a sociological perspective.
• Paul Larsfield:
  • Paul F. Lazarsfeld was a sociologist and pioneer in communication studies and market research. His work impacted political communication studies but was not focused on the sociological approach to politics.
• Importance of Sociological Approach in Political Science:
  • The sociological approach helps understand how social structures, institutions, and cultural norms influence political behavior and institutions.
  • It provides insights into the role of socialization, collective identity, and group dynamics in shaping political outcomes.

The correct answer is '(A), (B), (C) Only'.

Key Points

• China is a Communist country, therefore it has single party system:
  • China is governed by the Communist Party of China (CPC), which is the only legal party in the country.
  • The single-party system means that no other political parties are allowed to govern or compete for power.
• India enjoys multi party system:
  • India has a multi-party system, which means multiple political parties compete in elections and can hold power at different levels of government.
  • This system allows for a diverse representation of interests and ideologies within the political framework of the country.
• Britain has two party system:
  • The United Kingdom primarily features a two-party system, dominated by the Conservative Party and the Labour Party.
  • While other parties exist, these two have historically been the major players in British politics.

Additional Information

• Japan enjoys two party system:
  • This statement is incorrect. Japan has a multi-party system, with the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) being one of the dominant parties, but other parties also play significant roles.
• South Africa has single party system:
  • This statement is incorrect. South Africa has a multi-party system, with the African National Congress (ANC) being the dominant party, but other parties such as the Democratic Alliance (DA) and the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) also participate in the political process.