Characteristics of Learners MCQ Quiz in मल्याळम - Objective Question with Answer for Characteristics of Learners - സൗജന്യ PDF ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക

The backward child is also called a slow learner. The child is unable to cope with routine work normally expected of his/her age group. The rate of learning is the basis for identifying slow learners. He finds it difficult to keep pace with the normal child in his school work.

Key Points

Characteristics of Slow Learners:

• They have limited cognitive capacity.
• Low intelligence
• Dependent behaviour
• For them rational thinking is impossible.
• Unplanned activities, Cannot be Multifaceted
• They have the capacity for rote learning and can retain in memory whatever is learnt only with a lot of practice and revision in comparison with the normal child.
• They have poor memory, do not easily master skills pertaining to academics. 
• Anti-social tendencies, Immature relations with others
• Mental or different complexes
• Feeling of pessimism
• Inability to express concepts
• They are distractive and lack concentration in the classroom.
• Lack of decision-making abilities
• They have an inability to express themselves through language. The slow learner has cognitive problems, language-related problems, auditory perceptual problems, visual-motor problems and social-emotional problem.

Thus from the above-mentioned points, it is clear that keep track of time is not a characteristic of a Slow Learner.

Programmed instruction or programmed learning

• Programmed instruction or programmed learning emerged out of the research conducted by BF Skinner on operant conditioning.
• The real landmark in the development of programmed learning was the work of B.F Skinner.
• After conducting extensive research on rats and pigeons, Skinner developed a theory of learning called operant conditioning.
• According to operant conditioning theory, behavior is learned only when it is immediately reinforced, that is when it is followed by some pleasurable event such as food, praise, or attention.
• Therefore, the task of the programmer is to provide contingencies of reinforcement so that the correct responses to the questions presented are immediately rewarded and the incorrect responses are not Skinner opposed punishment for wrong responses and recommended that punishment should be kept minimum so that there was no danger of developing a negative attitude towards the learning activity.
• By applying the principles of operant conditioning in teaching human beings, Skinner developed an instructional model which is popularly known as programmed instruction.
• The term 'programmed' is used for arranging learning experiences or events in the most logical and psychological sequence so that the student gets maximum benefit from instruction.

Hence, Programmed instruction is based on the principles of learning which is known as Reinforcement.

Exceptional children are those who deviate from the normal population and need special education services to meet their needs. It includes children who are gifted, backward, creative, learning disabled, etc.

• A gifted child is essentially exceptional and displays consistently remarkable performance in physical or cognitive aspects and exhibits superiority in general intelligence levels.
• These children have divergent thinking and are very curious in nature that's why sometimes the classroom seems monotonous to them because they grab things fastly than of their age-peers.

Key Points 

The characteristics of gifted students :​

• They can construct and handle the higher level of abstractions.
• They are independent in their judgments as they can follow complex directions easily and can handle more than one idea at a time.
• They have great intellectual curiosity, creativity, and imagination to create and investigate.
• They have a habit of asking truth-searching questions because they have a thirst for knowledge.
• They learn quickly and have the ability to abstract reasoning and see relationships between ideas and events.

Hint

•  Gifted students are not independent of their teachers as they need their teachers for guidance and counseling and how they can utilize the best of their abilities.
• They are not introverts as mainly they show the extrovert type of behavior, i.e., they love to communicate, explore, and engage in activities.
• They are highly assertive about their needs as they are well aware of their needs and do like to work hard to fulfill them.

Thus, it is concluded that gifted students are independent in their judgments.

The correct answer is Formal operational stage.

Key Points

The formal operational stage, proposed by Jean Piaget, typically occurs during adolescence and is characterized by abstract thinking, hypothetical reasoning, and logical deduction.

Additional Information

• Concrete operational stage: This stage occurs during childhood (around ages 7 to 11) and is characterized by the ability to think logically about concrete events but not yet grasping abstract concepts or hypothetical situations.
• Preoperational stage: This stage occurs in early childhood (around ages 2 to 7) and is characterized by egocentrism, centration, and lack of understanding of conservation.
• Sensorimotor stage: This stage occurs from birth to about 2 years old, where infants learn about the world through sensory experiences and motor actions. They develop object permanence and begin to understand cause and effect relationships.

Key Points 

Explicit Memory, also known as declarative memory, is a type of long-term memory that involves conscious awareness and intentional recall of facts, events, or knowledge. 

Additional Information 

• Eidetic memory refers to the ability to vividly recall visual images or scenes with exceptional detail, often referred to as photographic memory, and is not directly related to classical conditioning.
• Retroactive memory refers to a phenomenon where new information interferes with the ability to recall previously learned information, which is not directly applicable to classical conditioning.
• Implicit memory refers to the type of long-term memory that is unconsciously formed and retrieved without conscious awareness.
  • It is also known as non-declarative memory because it is not consciously controlled or intentionally recalled.

The learning styles according to Fleming's VARK model of learning is Visual, Auditory, Reading/writing, Kinesthetic.

Important Points

Fleming's VARK model of learning identifies four primary learning styles, which are:

1. Visual (V): This learning style involves using visual aids such as diagrams, charts, graphs, and videos to learn and understand new concepts.
2. Auditory (A): This learning style involves learning through listening and hearing, such as through lectures, discussions, and audio recordings.
3. Reading/Writing (R): This learning style involves learning through reading and writing, such as by taking notes, writing essays, and reading textbooks.
4. Kinesthetic (K): This learning style involves learning through physical activity and movement, such as by doing experiments, participating in role-plays, and using manipulatives.

Fleming's VARK model suggests that individuals may have one or more of these primary learning styles, and that teachers and learners can use this information to adapt teaching and learning methods to suit individual preferences and needs.

Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development redefines intelligence, knowledge and the relationship of the learner to the environment.

Important Points

• Piaget has mapped out in detail the stages by which cognitive functions develop and the times at which given concepts may be expected to appear.
• Piaget has propounded the four stages thus - probably the clearest version of his classification as sensory-motor, pre-operational, concrete operations and formal operations.
• Each stage represents an increase over the previous one in the child’s ability to think abstractly, predict the world correctly, explain reasons for things accurately, and generally deal intellectually with the world. 

Key Points

Hence the correct match is A - III, B - IV, C - I, D - II

A Learner is a person who eager to learn something practical, theoretical, skillful activity, in the field of mental, physical, academic, social, or emotional levels. The learner can learn by themselves with the guidance of seniors and interacting with the environment but the curiosity and zeal to learn is the reason for learning takes place.

Important Points 

The social and emotional characteristics are interlinked that can't be segregated totally.

Key Points

Hence, Learner’s Characteristics and their Description are as follows:

• Academic Characteristics: The learner selects different themes in his/her course when needed.
• Social Characteristics: The learner works as a team member of the peers.
• Emotional Characteristics: The learner starts respecting the individual differences evident in the likes and dislikes of members of his class.
• Cognitive Characteristics: Learner encodes and decodes relevant messages correctly.

Slow learners are those children who are low in achieving academic skills and often ignored by others as dull, lazy, or inept as a part of the school setting. Slow learners not only lag behind other students in academics but in areas of social, emotional, and psychological well-being.

Key Points

Characteristics of Slow Learners:

• Slow learners are unable to transfer or generalize skills, knowledge, and strategies as well as their peers.
• Slow process learners do not learn properly due to general socio-cultural problems.
• slow learners are limited to problem-solving, poor learning, and concentration.
• They are usually ignored because of their poor performance therefore, they usually enjoy younger children's company.
• They are more likely to have behavioral issues and social skill deficits. 
• They are inefficient in their ability to learn and apply academic information. 
• Students with borderline intellectual functioning require more practice opportunities when compared with students of average ability.

​Hence, poor judgment and enjoys younger children’s company is true for slow learners.

The correct response is ​Existential (12+ years).

Key Points

• Existential (12+ years) is not a stage recognized or established by Piaget's theory. This seems to be an added theoretical construct. Existentialism is a philosophical theory or approach that emphasizes the existence of the individual as a free and responsible agent, which doesn't align with one of the stages of Piaget's cognitive development theory. Therefore, this option is incorrect.

Additional Information 

Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development posits four stages through which children progress as they develop the ability to reason and understand the world around them. These four stages of cognitive development are:

• a) Sensorimotor Stage (Birth to 2 years): In this stage, infants explore the world around them through their senses and motor skills. This exploration leads to the development of object permanence, which is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight.
• b) Preoperational Stage (2 to 7 years): This stage is characterized by the development and use of language. During the preoperational stage, children have the ability to symbolically represent objects and events in their minds, but their thinking is egocentric (centered around themselves) and they lack the ability to understand things from another's perspective.
• c) Concrete Operational Stage (7 to 12 years): At this stage, children begin to think logically about concrete events. They can perform operations on tangible objects and events, including understanding the principle of conservation (the understanding that quantity remains the same despite changes in shape or arrangement).
• d) Formal Operational Stage (12+ years): During this stage, adolescents take the ability to think logically to a new level, developing the capacity for abstract thought and hypothetical reasoning. They are capable of considering multiple perspectives, formulating hypotheses, and thinking about the future.