Anatomy of Animals MCQ Quiz in मल्याळम - Objective Question with Answer for Anatomy of Animals - സൗജന്യ PDF ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക

The correct answer is A - Fat storage area, B - Nucleus, C - Cell membrane

Explanation:

Adipose Tissue:  Adipose tissue is a  type of loose connective tissue located mainly beneath the skin. The cells of this tissue are specialised to store fats. The excess of nutrients which are not used immediately are converted into fats and are stored in this tissue. The structure of these cells typically includes:

• A large central fat vacuole.
• A small amount of cytoplasm surrounding the vacuole.
• A nucleus that is often pushed to the periphery of the cell due to the large fat droplet.

Based on Typical Representations:

1. A - Fat Storage Area: This is usually represented by the large central vacuole filled with lipid droplets.
2. B - Nucleus: The nucleus is often small and located at the edge of the adipocyte.
3. C - Cell Membrane: The outer boundary of the cell that encases the cytoplasm and nucleus.

Conclusion: The best answer that accurately identifies the marked components in the adipose tissue figure is A - Fat storage area, B - Nucleus, C - Cell membrane.

The correct answer is calcium phosphate 

Explanation:

• Bone matrix is primarily composed of an organic part, which includes collagen fibers, and an inorganic part, which is made up of mineral salts. The most prevalent mineral salt in the bone matrix is calcium phosphate, particularly in the form of hydroxyapatite (Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂). These crystals provide the hardness and strength of bones, enabling them to support body structures and protect organs.
• Calcium carbonate, magnesium phosphate, sodium chloride and fluoride are also present in comparatively low amounts.

Key Points

• Syncytium refers to a single cell mass containing numerous nuclei, usually caused due to fusion of cells.
• Muscles are divided into 3 major classes:

Important Points

• Cardiac muscle look like syncytium but histologically it is not syncytium: Assertion is TRUE
  • It does look like a syncytium with multiple nucleus.
  • From the above table we see that cardiac muscles are uninucleate.
  • Thus, it cannot be a syncytium histologically.
• Reason is TRUE
  • Cardiac muscle fibers are joined end-to-end by flat zig-zag junctions called intercalated discs.
  • The fibers are interconnected by oblique bridges, forming a network.
  • This gives the look of a syncytium, but they are actually individual fibers.
  • They are also branched muscle fibers with interdigitation.
  • Each fibre has a centrally located nucleus and covered by a special covering sarcolemma.

The correct answer is (iv) only

Explanation:

Epithelial tissue forms the internal and external lining of many organs. 

(i) Connective tissues are most abundant and widely distributed in the body of complex animals.

• Connective tissues are the most abundant and widely distributed tissues in the body of complex animals. They serve various functions such as providing structural support, connecting different tissues, protecting organs, and storing energy.

(ii) They connect and support other tissues.

• One of the primary roles of connective tissues is to connect and support other tissues in the body. Examples include tendons connecting muscles to bones, ligaments connecting bones to each other, and cartilage providing support in joints.

(iii) They include such diverse tissues as bone, cartilage, tendons, adipose and loose connective tissues.

• Connective tissue encompasses a variety of tissues, including bone, cartilage, tendons, adipose tissue, and loose connective tissue. Each type serves a unique function but originates from the same embryonic tissue (mesenchyme) and shares common characteristics like an extracellular matrix.

(iv) They form the internal and external lining of many organs.

• The internal and external linings of organs are typically made up of epithelial tissues, not connective tissues.
• Epithelial tissue forms barriers and linings on the surfaces of organs and structures throughout the body.
• Connective tissues are generally beneath and support the epithelial layers but do not form the linings themselves.

(v) In all connective tissues except blood, the cells secrete fibres of structural proteins called collagen or elastin.

• Most connective tissues secrete fibers of structural proteins like collagen and elastin, which provide strength and elasticity. Blood is a connective tissue, but its cells (such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets) do not secrete fibers. Instead, blood plasma contains fibrinogen, a protein that can form fibers during blood clotting.

The correct answer is Trachea

Explanation:-

• Ciliated epithelium refers to a type of tissue with hair-like projections called cilia on its surface. These cilia beat in coordinated waves, serving various functions such as moving mucus and other substances across the epithelial surface.
• The ciliated epithelium is found in the trachea (windpipe).
• This specialized type of epithelial tissue lines the respiratory tract, including the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles.
• The cilia on the surface of the epithelial cells in the trachea beat rhythmically in a coordinated manner, helping to sweep mucus, dust, and other particles upward and out of the respiratory system.
• This action is essential for clearing the airways and maintaining respiratory health.

Correct Answer: Option 1

Concept:

• Reproduction is the biological process by which a new form of life is produced from pre-existing similar life.
• Reproduction helps in the continuation of the species.
• There are two main modes of reproduction - Asexual and Sexual Reproduction.
• Asexual reproduction:
  • Asexual reproduction does not involve the fusion of gametes.
  • The progeny formed through asexual reproduction are genetically identical to their parents.
  • Fragmentation, budding, binary fission, gemmule formation, etc. are some of the methods of asexual reproduction.
  • Spirogyra, Paramoecium, and Amoeba all reproduce asexually.
• Sexual reproduction:
  • Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes (haploid) to form the zygote (diploid).
  • It involves two major events - Meiosis and the Fusion of gametes.
  • The progeny formed through sexual reproduction are genetically dissimilar. 
  • Mammals, amphibians, angiosperms, etc. show sexual reproduction.

Explanation:

• Frogs reproduce sexually.
• Frogs show sexual dimorphism. Female frogs are generally smaller in size than male frogs of the same age.
• Reproductive system in male frogs:
  • The male reproductive system of frogs consists of:
    • Testes
    • Vasa efferentia
    • Bidder's canal
    • Urinogenital Ducts
    • Cloaca
  • The testes in male frogs are yellowish ovoid structures that are adhered to the upper part of the kidneys.
  • From the testes arise vasa efferentia (10 - 12 in number) which enter the kidneys.
  • The vasa efferentia open into the Bidder's canal (in kidneys). The Bidder's canal helps in the passage of the sperms.
  • The reproductive system in male frogs continues from the Bidder's canal in the kidneys to the urinogenital duct that comes out of the kidneys.
  • The urinogenital duct then finally opens into the cloaca.
  • The cloaca is a small chamber that is used to pass fecal matter, urine, and sperm to the exterior.
  • Thus the route for the passage of sperms in the male reproductive system is
    • Testes → Vasa efferentia → Kidney → Bidder's canal → Urinogenital duct → Cloaca

• Fertilization is external in the case of frogs. It takes place in the water.

So, from the above-given information, the correct answer is option 1.

Additional Information:

Reproductive system in female frogs:

• ​The female reproductive system of frogs consists of:
  • ​A pair of ovaries
  • A pair of oviducts
  • Cloaca
• Ovaries are situated near the kidney of a female frog. It releases the mature eggs into the coelomic cavity. 
• From the coelomic cavity, the eggs enter the oviduct through the oviducal funnel.
• Eggs then enter the cloaca through the oviducts

The correct answer is A-5, B-4, C-3, D-2, E-1

Concept:

Epithelial tissue has a free surface, which faces either a body fluid or the outside environment and thus provides a covering or a lining for some part of the body
On the basis of structural modification of the cells, the simple epithelium is further divided into three types.These are 

• Squamous
• Cuboidal
• Columnar
• Ciliated

Explanation:

• Keratinised squamous: This epithelium occurs in the epidermis of the skin of land vertebrates.
• Squamous epithelium : This epithelium is present in the terminal bronchioles, blood vessels, alveoli of the lungs, etc.
• Columnar epithelium : This epithelium lines the stomach, inner surface of gall bladder, intestine and bile duct. It has secretory role and is called glandular epithelium.
• Ciliated epithelium : This epithelium lines most of the respiratory tract and Fallopian tubes (oviducts). These cells comprises columnar cells which have cilia on the free surface.
• Cuboidal epithelium: This is commonly found in ducts of glands and tubular parts of nephrons in kidneys and its main functions are secretion and absorption. The epithelium of proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) of nephron in the kidney has microvilli.

Concept:

• Animal tissues are different and are broadly classified into four types : (i) Epithelial, (ii) Connective, (iii) Muscular, and (iv) Neural
• Epithelial tissue provides a covering or a lining for some parts of the body.
• Connective tissues are most abundant and widely distributed in the body of complex animals. 
• Muscle is made of many long, cylindrical fibers arranged in parallel arrays. They are three types, skeletal, smooth, and cardiac.
• Neural tissue exerts the greatest control over the body’s responsiveness to changing conditions.

Explanation:

• Ciliated epithelium is mainly present on the inner surface of hollow organs like bronchioles and fallopian tubes. The function is to move particles or mucus in a specific direction over the epithelium.
• Some of the columnar or cuboidal cells get specialized for secretion and are called the glandular epithelium. They are mainly of two types: unicellular, consisting of isolated glandular cells (goblet cells of the alimentary canal), and multicellular, consisting of clusters of cells (salivary gland).
• Tendons are dense regular connective tissues. They attach skeletal muscles to bones.
• Adipose tissue is a type of loose connective tissue located mainly beneath the skin. The cells of this tissue are specialized to store fats.
• Therefore, the correct answer is option 2.

The correct answer is 10th segment

Explanation:

• In cockroaches, both males and females have a pair of jointed filamentous structures called anal cerci. These structures are typically found on the 10^th abdominal segment.