World Climatic regions MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for World Climatic regions - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is Polar Region.

Key Points

• Eskimos are the indigenous circumpolar people who have traditionally inhabited the northern circumpolar region from eastern Siberia (Russia) to Alaska (United States), Canada, and Greenland (Denmark).
• Polar Region
  • The part of the Earth's surface forms a cap over a pole; characterized by a frigid climate.
  • There are two main polar regions in the world, which are the Arctic and the Antarctic.
  • The Arctic Circle and Arctic Tundra are found at the North Pole, and it covers nearly 5 million square miles of the 
  • top of the Northern Hemisphere.

Additional Information

• Arid Region
  • An arid region, also known as a desert, is defined by a severe lack of available water, to the extent of hindering or preventing the growth and development of plant and animal life.
  • This harsh environment is typically characterized by extremely low rainfall, high temperatures, and high evaporation rates.
  • Due to the scarcity of water, the biodiversity in arid regions is lower compared to other ecosystems. 
• Savanna Grassland
  • Savanna grasslands in Brazil are called Campos.
  • These grasslands lie between 24°S and 35°S, which includes Uruguay and parts of Paraguay, Brazil, and Argentina.
  • These are rich in plant species and are more diverse than forest ecosystems.
  • The climate here is subtropical humid and the rainfall is distributed regularly all over the year.
  • A grassland is an area that mostly comprises grasses.
• Tropical Rainforest Region
  • The tropical rainforest is a forest with tall trees in a region of year-round high temperatures where an average of 50 to 260 inches of rain falls yearly.
  • The tropical rainforests are confined to areas of heavy rainfall.
  • Such areas are in the Western Ghats, upper parts of Assam, Tamil Nadu coast, and the island groups of Lakshadweep and Andaman & Nicobar.
  • Areas that receive more than 200 cm of rainfall and have a short dry season are the best area for the tropical rainforest.

The correct answer is Savannah.

Key Points

• Savannah 
  •  Savannah is a tropical grassland characterized by grasses and scattered trees, adapted to warm climates with distinct wet and dry seasons.
  • These biomes are typically found between tropical rainforests and deserts.
  • The vegetation in a savannah is drought-tolerant, and many plants have features like deep roots and thick bark to survive the dry periods.
  • Fire is also a significant ecological factor in maintaining savannah ecosystems, preventing the encroachment of forests and promoting the growth of grasses.
  • Savannahs support a diverse array of wildlife, including large grazing animals, predators, and various bird and insect species.

Additional Information

• Taiga
  • Taiga, also known as boreal forest or snow forest, is a biome characterized by coniferous forests consisting mostly of pines, spruces, and larches.   
  • It is the world's largest terrestrial biome, stretching across high latitudes in North America, Europe, and Asia.   
  • Taiga regions experience long, cold winters and short, mild summers.
  • The vegetation is adapted to these harsh conditions, with cone-bearing trees that retain their leaves year-round.
  • The soil in the taiga is often acidic and nutrient-poor.
  • Wildlife includes animals like moose, bears, wolves, and various small mammals and birds adapted to cold environments.
  • Taiga is not a tropical grassland.
• Pampas
  • Pampas are temperate grasslands found primarily in Argentina and Uruguay.
  • This biome is characterized by fertile soils and a relatively uniform vegetation dominated by grasses and herbaceous plants, with few trees or shrubs due to the temperate climate and grazing pressure.
  • The Pampas experience distinct seasons with warm summers and cool winters, and rainfall is generally sufficient to support grasslands but not forests.
  • Historically, this region was home to large herds of grazing animals and today supports livestock ranching and agriculture.
  • Pampas are temperate, not tropical, grasslands.
• Prairie 
  • Prairie is a temperate grassland found in North America, characterized by grasses and herbaceous plants.
  • Prairies experience a wider range of temperature differences between seasons compared to savannahs, with cold winters and warm summers.
  • Rainfall is moderate but can vary, influencing the type of prairie.
  • Fire and grazing by animals like bison have historically played a crucial role in maintaining prairie ecosystems.
  • Much of the original prairie has been converted to agricultural land due to its fertile soil.
  • Prairies are temperate, not tropical, grasslands.

The correct answer is Savannah.

Key Points

• Savannah 
• Tropical grasslands, known as savannas, are found in warm climates with distinct wet and dry seasons.
• They are characterized by scattered trees and a mix of grasses, supporting diverse wildlife like lions, elephants, and zebras.
• Major savanna regions include Africa (Serengeti), South America (Cerrado), and northern Australia.
• These ecosystems are crucial for grazing animals and are often affected by seasonal fires.

Additional Information

•  Taiga
  • Taiga is not a grassland but the world's largest terrestrial biome.
  • Also called boreal forest, it consists of dense coniferous forests in cold subarctic regions.
  • Found in Canada, Russia, and Scandinavia, it has long winters and short summers.
  • Dominant trees include spruce, pine, and fir, adapted to snowy conditions.
  • Wildlife includes moose, wolves, and bears, unlike the open grasslands of savannas.
• Pampas
  • Pampas are temperate grasslands, not tropical.
  • Located in South America (Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil), they have fertile soils ideal for agriculture.
  • These grasslands experience moderate rainfall and no extreme temperatures.
  • Historically home to gauchos (cowboys) and grazing animals like wild horses.
  • Unlike savannas, they lack scattered trees and have a more uniform grassy landscape.
• Prairie
  • Prairie is another temperate grassland ecosystem.
  • Found in North America (especially the U.S. Midwest and Canada), it has hot summers and cold winters.
  • Divided into tallgrass, mixed-grass, and shortgrass prairies based on rainfall.
  • Once roamed by bison, now largely converted to farmland (wheat, corn).
  • Unlike tropical savannas, prairies have fewer trees and distinct seasonal temperature variations

The correct answer is Koppen.

Key Points

• Koppen's classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems.
• It categorizes the world's climates based on the average temperature and precipitation.
• Developed by Wladimir Köppen in the early 20th century.
• The system divides the Earth's climates into five main climate groups, each with its own subdivisions.

Additional Information

• Thornthwaite: Thornthwaite developed a climate classification system that emphasizes the moisture index and potential evapotranspiration, which is different from Köppen's temperature and precipitation-based system.
• Troll: Carl Troll was a German geographer and climatologist who made significant contributions to bioclimatology but is not credited with the widely used climate classification based on temperature and rainfall.

The correct answer is Option 2.

Key Points

• Northeast Trade Winds: These winds blow from land to sea during winter, typically carrying dry and cool air.
• Southwest Monsoon Winds: These winds bring moisture-laden winds from the Indian Ocean, causing significant rainfall in India.
• Winter Cyclonic Disturbances: These disturbances bring winter rains to the northern plains of India.
• Loo: Loo are hot, dry winds that blow in northern India, particularly during summer.

Additional Information

• Northeast Trade Winds:
  • These winds are part of the global trade wind system and blow from the northeast towards the equator.
  • They are generally dry and bring clear weather conditions.
• Southwest Monsoon Winds:
  • These winds are responsible for the bulk of the rainfall in the Indian subcontinent.
  • They are driven by the difference in temperature between the Indian Ocean and the Asian landmass.
• Winter Cyclonic Disturbances:
  • These are extratropical storms that bring precipitation during the winter months.
  • They are important for the Rabi crop season in northern India.
• Loo:
  • These winds typically occur in the months of May and June.
  • They can cause severe heat waves and are known for their high temperatures and low humidity.

The correct answer is the USA.

Key Points

• It covers large parts of the Southwestern United States in Arizona and California and of Northwestern Mexico in Sonora, Baja California, and Baja California Sur.
• It covers an area of 260,000 square kilometres.
• The western portion of the United States–Mexico border passes through here.
• It is a type of tropical desert.
• They are located between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn.
• The region is characterized by high temperatures and low rainfall.
• The Sahara desert in Africa and the Thar desert in India are other examples.

The correct answer is Polar Region.

Key Points

• Eskimos are the indigenous circumpolar people who have traditionally inhabited the northern circumpolar region from eastern Siberia (Russia) to Alaska (United States), Canada, and Greenland (Denmark).
• Polar Region
  • The part of the Earth's surface forms a cap over a pole; characterized by a frigid climate.
  • There are two main polar regions in the world, which are the Arctic and the Antarctic.
  • The Arctic Circle and Arctic Tundra are found at the North Pole, and it covers nearly 5 million square miles of the 
  • top of the Northern Hemisphere.

Additional Information

• Arid Region
  • An arid region, also known as a desert, is defined by a severe lack of available water, to the extent of hindering or preventing the growth and development of plant and animal life.
  • This harsh environment is typically characterized by extremely low rainfall, high temperatures, and high evaporation rates.
  • Due to the scarcity of water, the biodiversity in arid regions is lower compared to other ecosystems. 
• Savanna Grassland
  • Savanna grasslands in Brazil are called Campos.
  • These grasslands lie between 24°S and 35°S, which includes Uruguay and parts of Paraguay, Brazil, and Argentina.
  • These are rich in plant species and are more diverse than forest ecosystems.
  • The climate here is subtropical humid and the rainfall is distributed regularly all over the year.
  • A grassland is an area that mostly comprises grasses.
• Tropical Rainforest Region
  • The tropical rainforest is a forest with tall trees in a region of year-round high temperatures where an average of 50 to 260 inches of rain falls yearly.
  • The tropical rainforests are confined to areas of heavy rainfall.
  • Such areas are in the Western Ghats, upper parts of Assam, Tamil Nadu coast, and the island groups of Lakshadweep and Andaman & Nicobar.
  • Areas that receive more than 200 cm of rainfall and have a short dry season are the best area for the tropical rainforest.

The correct answer is Africa.

• The biodiversity hotspot of “Succulent Karoo” is situated in Africa.

Key Points

• The Succulent Karoo Biodiversity Hotspot has the richest succulent flora on Earth.
  • Reptiles in the region also show relatively high levels of endemism.
  • It has the highest diversity of succulent plants and the most species-rich semi-desert.
  • The Succulent Karoo is one of only two arid zones to have been declared a biodiversity hotspot as 40% of the plant species found here occur nowhere else on the planet.
  • Only 7.8% of the Succulent Karoo is protected.

The correct answer is Africa.

Special mention:

This question was asked in UP SI 2017 and the board has accepted Africa as the correct answer.

• Africa does not have cold weather.
• Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most-populous continent, after Asia in both cases. 
• Africa's population is the youngest amongst all the continents.
• Africa is the least wealthy continent per capita, in part due to geographic impediments.
• Despite this low concentration of wealth, recent economic expansion, and the large and young population make Africa an important economic market in the broader global context.
• Africa continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Isthmus of Suez and the Red Sea to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west.

Important Points

• The highest peak of Africa - Mount Kilimanjaro
• The highest peak of Asia - Mount Everest
• The highest peak of Australia - Mount Kosciuszko
• The highest peak of South America -  Aconcagua
• The highest peak of Europe - Mount Elbrus
• The longest mountain in the world is the Andes which is in South America.
• Amazon forest is the largest forest in the world in also in South America.

The correct answer is Dw.

Key Points

• Koeppen recognized five major climatic groups, four of which are based on temperature and one on precipitation.
• The capital letters: A, C, D, and E delineate humid climates and B dry climates.
• The climatic groups are subdivided into types, designated by small letters, based on the seasonality of precipitation and temperature characteristics.
• The seasons of dryness are indicated by the small letters: f, m, w, and s, where f corresponds to no dry season, m - monsoon climate, w- to winter dry season, and s - to summer dry season.
• The small letters a, b, c, and d refer to the degree of severity of temperature.
• Dw signifies the Cold Climate with Dry Winters.
• The B- Dry Climates are subdivided using the capital letters S for steppe or semi-arid and W for deserts.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Tundra.

Key Points

• Among all the biomes, the tundra is the coldest.
• In addition, the tundra experiences little precipitation, which resembles a desert.
• Arctic tundra can be found in the areas immediately below the ice caps, and it can be found in Siberia in Asia, North America, and Europe.
• The tundra biome encompasses most of Alaska and roughly half of Canada.
• Several places throughout the world also have tundra on the summits of very tall mountains.
• With mean annual temperatures below 0°C during six to ten months of the year, tundra winters are protracted, dark, and cold.
• Permafrost, or permanently frozen ground, results from the area's extremely low temperatures.
• The tundra biome is distinguished by this permafrost.
• Only a few inches of the top layer of soil thaws during the tundra summers, giving vegetation roots a growth surface.

Additional Information

•  Humid subtropical:
  • ​A climate zone characterised mid summers and cold to mild winters is known as a humid subtropical climate.
• Highland:
  • Highland climate features include high insolation, low temperatures, low air pressure, wide diurnal temperature fluctuations, and relatively heavy precipitation at higher altitudes.
• Humid continental:
  • It is characterized by four distinct seasons, significant seasonal temperature changes, and frigid (often extremely cold) winters.

The correct answer is Wetland Conservation.

Key Points

• Ramsar Convention basically belongs to Wetland Conservation.
• The Convention on Wetlands is an intergovernmental treaty that provides the framework for the conservation and wise use of wetlands.
• The Convention was adopted in the Iranian city of Ramsar in 1971 and came into force in 1975.
• Since then, almost 90% of UN member states, from all the world’s geographic regions, have acceded to become “Contracting Parties”.
• Ramsar identifies wetlands of international importance, especially those providing waterfowl habitat.
• Its broad aims are to halt the worldwide loss of wetlands and to conserve, through wise use and management.

The correct answer is 40^o-70^o.

Key Points

• Cold snow forest climates in the large international area in the northern semicircle between  north authorizations in Europe, Asia, and North America. wettish international mid-latitude climates have warm to cool summers and cold layoffs.
• The position of these climates is poleward of the C climates.
• The normal temperature of the warmest month is lesser than 10 ° Celsius, while the coldest month is lower than 3 ° Celsius.
• Winters are stern with snowstorms, strong winds, and bitter cold waves from Continental Polar or Arctic air millions.

Additional Information

• Cold snow forest climates are divided into two types:
  1. Df- cold climate with humid winter;
  2. Dw- cold climate with dry winter.
     • The severity of winter is more pronounced in higher latitudes.

The correct answer is option 4, i.e Dry Desertic climate.

• Thorny bushes are found in Dry Desertic climate areas with seasonal rainfall averaging 250 to 500 millimetres.
• Thorn Forests are found in the semi-arid areas of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, and Haryana.
• Acacias, palms, euphorbias, and cacti are the main plants found in these forests.
• The stems are succulent to conserve water.
• The bushes shed their leaves seasonally to avoid loss of water.
• Leaves are modified into spines (thorns) and are small to minimize transpiration.  

The correct answer is AW.

Key Points

• Savana climate is also known as Sudan climate.
  • It has distinct wet and dry seasons. It is a transitional type of climate that can be found in the region between equatorial rainforests and hot deserts of the subtropics.
• Savanna Climate And Vegetation
  • Savana Climate has a distinct dry season which occurs in winter.
  • All the rainfall in the region is concentrated during the summer. The long dry season causes many plants to die and streams to dry, which causes the migration of animals.
• Savanna regions have two distinct seasons - a wet season and a dry season.
  • There is very little rain in the dry season.
  • In the wet season, vegetation grows, including lush green grasses and wooded areas.
  • As you move further away from the equator and its heavy rainfall, the grassland becomes drier and drier - particularly in the dry season.
• Savanna vegetation includes scrub, grasses, and occasional trees, which grow near water holes, seasonal rivers or aquifer

Climatic Regions of India According to Koppen’s Scheme:

The diagram below shows the area wise distribution of different Koppen climatic region in India.